Penza state university

In ancient times, Egyptian rulers were called pharaohs. Pharaohs were the equivalent of kings and were the only people who were significant and celebrated. They ruled Egypt for about 3,000 years. Pharaohs had to maintain the royal bloodline and as a result, they often had to marry their siblings. Egypt’s pharaohs were treated as gods and the Egyptians had the unique tradition of making mummies for the dead to show respect. Many of these mummies still exist today.Although Egypt has contributed a lot to various fields such as science, literature, and philosophy, the country is primarily known for its unique architecture and artifacts which mark it out from other countries.

Cleopatra
Cleopatra took over from her father on his death. She was well known for her beauty, as depicted in various paintings and sculptures, and for her strength as a ruler

Cleopatra was also knowledgeable in many other fields and during her reign, she dedicated her time to the administration of the Egyptian states. Her ability to speak multiple languages would have helped her with this task. She was very good as an administrator, creating many policies which helped the Egyptian economy to thrive. During her reign, there were silver, copper, and other metal coins with her image engraved on them, but no gold coins.After she committed suicide, her children were taken care of by her father’s second wife. Her brothers and her son ruled Egypt after her but she was the last Egyptian queen before the Romans took over. Her affairs with the Roman leaders Julius Caesar and Mark Antony have been well documented.

Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut served as pharaoh until Pharaoh Thutmose III was old enough to take power. She acted as the pharaoh for almost two decades and was very successful and loved by the people. Under her rule, Egypt was peaceful and flourished, many buildings and sanctuaries were constructed and the country became economically stable. She was the wife and sister of Thutmose II and went on to be the wife of Thutmose II’s son, Thutmose III. After her death, Thutmose III removed her paintings and sculptures from the walls of the temples and other buildings.

Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun was a very young pharaoh. Born in 1332 BC, he was married off at a very early age to his half-sister Ankhesenamun. He passed away when he was just 18. During his reign, he changed the god that the Egyptians used to worship from the Aten god to the Amun god. He built temples to the Amun god and then named himself Tutankhamun that meant the living image of Amun

He made great efforts for the kingdoms to live in peace with each other but despite these efforts, there were still many wars which weakened the economies of individual kingdoms. He was physically disabled and did not fight himself. He was known to be a fine adviser and philosopher and the flowers found in his tomb suggest that he was appreciated by many people. His mummy contains two children’s bodies that people have assumed to be the premature babies that his wife Ankhesenamun had given birth to. It was said that he and his wife had a very passionate marriage but never had children due to Tutankhamun’s disabilities. He had many wives. The reason for his death is still unknown. Reports suggest that he may have been assassinated for his throne by his wife’s grandfather, but this is unsubstantiated.

These famous Egyptians have put Egypt on the map. The country has a rich history and culture and was far ahead of its time. The people of Egypt were the first to make use of things like toothpaste, bed sheets, and many other items that people still use today. They were exceptional in the field of construction, making intricate and geometrically accurate buildings such as the pyramids long before the introduction of modern technology, and many of these buildings still exist today.

Ramses II
Ramses II was the greatest and most celebrated Egyptian pharaoh of his time. At the age of 14. he was made prince by his father and he ruled for six decades after his father’s death. Early on in his reign, he built many monuments and temples to promote the Egyptian civilization. He fought numerous wars and made Egypt rich in resources before his death at the age of 90.

Nefertiti
Nefertiti’s royal bloodline cannot be confirmed but she claimed to be the daughter of Ay and his wife. She became the royal wife of the emperor, Akhenaten, and had six daughters with him. Old paintings show that she worshiped the sun god with her husband and taught her children to do so as well. After her husband’s death, she is known to have been co-regent with the pharaoh. She was a good administrator.

Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Khaldun was a historiographer and historian. He was born in early 1332 in Egypt and was considered the father of modern sociology. Ibn Khaldun was born to a wealthy family. He learned from many good teachers, but also liked to educate himself. Although he was rich, he had many difficulties while growing up and lost his parents in his early teens.