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Egyptian Religion
POLYTHEISM: the belief in many gods.
MONOTHEISM: the belief in one god.
Egyptian gods controlled the forces of nature.
Egyptians identified the gods with animals, ex: cats, jackals, dogs, falcons, cows, hawks, etc...

Egyptian Religion
AMON-RE (RA): most important god; the sun god; depicted as a hawk headed man.
OSIRIS: god of the Nile and the Dead; bearded green faced man in mummy wrappings.
ISIS: wife of Osiris; wings, horns or hieroglyphics on head.
SET (SETH): evil brother of Osiris; head of an unknown animal, a crocodile, a hippopotamus or a black pig.
HORUS: sky god and son of Osiris/Isis who revenged the death of his father; falcon headed man.
ANUBIS: guide of dead and god of embalming; dog or jackal head.
HATHOR: goddess of motherhood, love, music and dancing; cow head.

Egyptian Religion

Story of Osiris
Killed by his evil brother SET.
Body was cut up into 14 pieces and spread throughout the world.
Wife, Isis, found all body parts and brought him back to life
Son, Horus, will later seek revenge on Set and kill him.
He did not return to the world of the living but reigned as judge of the dead.

Egyptian Afterlife
The Egyptians believed in life after death
When you die, you go to the underworld where Osiris judges you
He weighs your heart against a feather (symbol of truth)
If heart is light (innocence), one goes to the OTHER WORLD, (Happy Field of Flood)
If heart is heavy (guilt), one is fed to Ammit, the DEVOURER OF SOULS, crocodile shaped Eater of the Dead

Egyptian Afterlife
Egyptians looked forward to their afterlife and planned well for life after death.
PYRAMIDS: burial tombs for the kings.
They would be filled with food and riches to go with them into the afterlife.
Egyptian people worked on the building of the pyramids 3 months a year during flood season.

Pyramid (Interior View)

Egyptian Burial Process
MUMMIFICATION: process that preserved the body of the dead for entry into the afterlife.

Mummification

Mummification
Ankh
Canopic Jars
Symbol of Eternal Life
Natron

Book of the Dead
BOOK OF THE DEAD:
Egyptian book which would help the Egyptians get into the Otherworld.
It contained magic spells, prayers and hymns to the gods which were to be spoken on the journey into the afterlife.

Egyptian Writing
HIEROGLYPHICS: Egyptian writing
DEMOTIC: simpler hieroglyphics
SCRIBE: one who could read and write in ancient Egypt.
Hieroglyphics would be carved into stone or wood and later written on PAPYRUS: Egyptian paper.
JEAN CHAMPOLLION: the French scholar who translate hieroglyphics by letter.

Egyptian Hieroglyphics

Arts of ancient Egypt
Ancient Egyptian art reached a high level in painting and sculpture, and was both highly stylized and symbolic.

Arts of ancient Egypt
Painting
Not all Egyptian reliefs were painted, and less prestigious works in tombs, temples and palaces were merely painted on a flat surface.
Sculpture
The monumental sculpture of ancient Egypt's temples and tombs is world-famous, but refined and delicate small works exist in much greater numbers.

Arts of ancient Egypt
Architecture
Ancient Egyptian architects used sun-dried and kiln-baked bricks, fine sandstone, limestone and granite. Architects carefully planned all their work.
Hieroglyphs
Hieroglyphs are the ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures and symbols stand for sounds and words. Jean-Francois Champollion first decoded hieroglyphs from the Rosetta Stone, which was found in 1799. Hieroglyphs have more than 700 symbols.