Emergence of Islam

Emergence of Islam
Islamic Philosophy and Science
Great Arab and Turk thinkers: Al-Farabi,
ibn Sina (Avicenna), ibn Rushd, ibn Khaldun
Recommended readings
Questions
Content of lecture:

In 630-631 years Muslims conquered the entire Arabian Peninsula and moved on to conquer the world
The Prophet Muhammad has successfully combined the functions of the religious and political leader
He became the first head of an Islamic state
Emergence of Islam

Arab cavalry

Arab Caliphate (750)

Alhambra - residence of the Emirate of Granada (Spain)

The spread of Islam in the world

Basic flows in Islam

In the West during the middle Ages the doctrine of justification of Christian religion was dominated
In the Islamic world in VII-X century was flourishing philosophy of science
This was a period of intensive development of such sciences as geometry, algebra, optics, psychology, astronomy, chemistry, geography, zoology, botany and medicine
Great contribution to knowledge made by such scholars as al-Farabi, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ibn Rushd, Ibn Khaldun, Omar Khayyam, etc.
Islamic Philosophy and Science

Al-Biruni hypothesized Earth's rotation about its axis
He substantiated the idea of ​​the existence of many worlds, made a number of mathematical theories
Arabic poet and philosopher Omar Khayyam first contacted algebra to geometry
The philosophers of the Muslim world had a major influence on the formation of Western philosophy and science
The thinkers of the Islamic world wrote their works in Arabic. Some of them were Turks and Iranians by ethnic origin
Great Arab and Turk thinkers

He was born in 870 in the place of Farab on the Syr Darya River in the South Kazakhstan
Al-Farabi was educated in Bukhara, Baghdad and Damascus
He studied medicine, music, mathematics, ethics, politics, and psychology
Farabi was the first who thoroughly (ұқыпты түрде/тщательно) studied the forgotten works of Aristotle
Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarkhan ibn Uzlag
Al-Farabi al-Turki

Al-Farabi

Al-Farabi played for the scientific knowledge of the world and was against coercion (мәжбүр ету/принуждение) and violence in society
He believed that evil will be destroyed and good will prevail on the land
He discovered a theoretical basis for the ideal of a society without war, violence and enslavement
He was one of the first to propose the idea of ​​peaceful relations between the peoples of the earth
Al-Farabi

In his writings, "The views of the inhabitants of the virtuous (ізгілікті/добродетельный) city", "Civil Policy" Al-Farabi considered problems of politics and morality, government and society of that period
Philosophical ideas of al-Farabi had an impact on the formation and development of the ideas of West (Spinoza)
The ideas of al-Farabi influenced the views of many thinkers of the Muslim world, such as Ibn Sina, J. Balasaguni etc.
Al-Farabi

Abu Ali Ibn Sina was born in Bukhara. In the East, Ibn Sina was known as Avicenna
He is the author of the "Canon of medical science“
Ibn Sina first described the anatomy,physiology, internal medicine, surgery and pharmacology
Abu Ali Ibn Sina (980-1037)

On the philosophical views of Ibn Sina influenced Al-Farabi
Ibn Sina was an outstanding scholar and a courageous (батыл/мужественный) fighter for the mind against ignorance
Ibn Sina wrote more than 450 works
He has developed a classification system of philosophy
Avicenna (980-1037)

Abul Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd (1126-1198)
He was born in Cordoba (Spain) and died in Marrakesh (Morocco)
Europe and Arad famous philosopher
In Western Europe, known as the Averroes (Latinized name)
He developed the theory of Aristotle. This concept is called Averroism
Ibn Rushd

In Western medieval philosophy existed
supporters of Ibn Rushd. The basic ideas of the
concept of Averroism:
There is one truth
There are two ways to achieve truth through philosophy and religion
The world is eternal
Soul consists of two parts - the individual and the divine. The individual soul is not eternal
All people contain a soul
Resurrection impossible
Ibn Rushd

He was born in Tunisia, his parents - immigrants from Andalusia (Spain).
He lived and worked in Spain (1362)
In Spain, he composed a treatise on logic
Ibn Khaldun was famous as a historian. His main work is "The Big History“
It was published under the name of “Muqaddimah”
Ibn Khaldun (1333-1406)

"Muqaddimah" formed a separate treatise and concept. The content of this concept:
history and sources of historical errors
geographical overview of the world
thoughts about the physical and moral influence of climate and soil on the people
ways of knowing the truth
evolution of forms of family, social and political life
Ibn Khaldun (1333-1406)