EXPRESSING PAST TIME Part 2

CONTENTS
9-1 The simple past: using where, when, what time, and why
9-2 Questions with what
9-3 Questions with who
9-4 Irregular verbs (Group 5)
9-5 Irregular verbs (Group 6)
9-6 Irregular verbs (Group 7)
9-7 Before and after in time clauses
9-8 When in time clauses
9-9 The present progressive and the past progressive
9-10 Using while with the past progressive
9-11 While vs. when in past time clauses
9-12 Simple past vs. past progressive

Where did you go?
THE SIMPLE PAST: USING WHERE, WHEN, WHAT TIME, AND WHY

QUESTION SHORT ANSWER
(a) Did you go home?
Yes, I did.
No, I didn’t.
(b) Where did you go?
Home.
(c) Were you at home?
Yes, I was.
No, I wasn’t.
(d) Where were you?
Home.
THE SIMPLE PAST: USING WHERE, WHEN, WHAT TIME, AND WHY

QUESTION SHORT ANSWER
(e) Did you drive because
you were late?
Yes, I did.
No, I didn’t.
(f) Why did you drive?
Because I was
late.
(g) Did Ali go at six?
Yes, he did.
No, he didn’t.
(h) When
What time
At six.
did Ali go?
THE SIMPLE PAST: USING WHERE, WHEN, WHAT TIME, AND WHY

WHEN
(i) What time did Ali go?
At four.
Twelve o’clock.
Around 4:30.
WHAT TIME
(j) When did Ali go?
At four.
Twelve o’clock.
Around 4:30.
On Friday.
Last month.
November 29th.
various
THE SIMPLE PAST: USING WHERE, WHEN, WHAT TIME, AND WHY

To learn English.
(I went to class to
learn English.)
Let’s Practice
Why did you go to class
____________________?

Did you eat breakfast
Yes, I did.
(I ate breakfast.)
_________________?
Let’s Practice

Nothing.
(I didn’t eat breakfast.)
What did you eat
for breakfast
______________________?
Let’s Practice

What did Joe see?
QUESTIONS WITH WHAT

A bat.
He saw a bat.
Yes, he did.
He saw a bat.
(a) Did Joe see a bat?
(b) What did Joe see?
QUESTION + HELPING + SUBJECT + MAIN
WORD VERB VERB
QUESTIONS WITH WHAT

An apple.
She’s eating an apple.
Yes, she is.
She’s eating an apple.
(c) Is Jen eating an apple?
(d) What is Jen eating?
QUESTION + HELPING + SUBJECT + MAIN
WORD VERB VERB
QUESTIONS WITH WHAT

(e) Sam drank some milk.
(f) What did Sam drink?
S V O
some milk
object of the verb
O V S V
object of the verb
What
QUESTIONS WITH WHAT

They saw a movie.
What did they see
Let’s Practice
A movie.
SHORT ANSWER
LONG ANSWER
__________________?

_______________________________?
I got a computer for my
birthday.
What did you get for your birthday
A computer.
SHORT ANSWER
LONG ANSWER
Let’s Practice

______________________?
What do they like to do
They like to fish.
Fish.
SHORT ANSWER
LONG ANSWER
Let’s Practice

Who did you see?
QUESTIONS WITH WHO

She saw Oscar.
A bird.
QUESTION ANSWER
(a) What did she see?
(b) Who did she see?
Oscar.
She saw a bird.
What
things
Who
people
QUESTIONS WITH WHO

Oscar.
QUESTION ANSWER
(c) Who did she see?
(d) Whom did she see?
Oscar.
Whom
Who
She saw Oscar.
She saw Oscar.
same meaning
QUESTIONS WITH WHO

Whom
Who
formal English
everyday English
QUESTIONS WITH WHO

Oscar.
QUESTION ANSWER
(e) Who(m) did she see?
Who(m)
object of verb
She saw Oscar. O
O
QUESTIONS WITH WHO

Pedro.
QUESTION ANSWER
(g) Who did that?
(h) Who knows her?
Lea.
Pedro did that.
Lea knows her.
S
S
S
S
S
(f) Who came?
Zoe.
Zoe came.
S
QUESTIONS WITH WHO

Who read the email?
Mariella emailed Abe. Abe read the message. Abe called Mariella.
Mariella.
Who emailed Abe?
Abe.
Abe.
Who called Mariella.
Let’s Practice

Who went for a ride with Amin?
Jalal bought a new car. His daughter, Amin, borrowed it. She took Jane for a ride.
Who borrowed it?
Jalal.
Who bought a new car?
Amin.
Jane.
Let’s Practice

How much did your car cost?
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

PRESENT PAST
cost cost
How much does
it cost ?
How much did
it cost last year?
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

PRESENT PAST
forget forgot
Did I forget your
birthday?
I forgot your birthday
last year.
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

PRESENT PAST
give gave
She gives me
very nice gifts.
Yesterday she
gave me a CD.
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

PRESENT PAST
cut cut
hit hit
hurt hurt
lend lent
make made
shut shut
spend spent
understand understood
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

Did you shut the oven door?
Let’s Practice
Yes, I
the oven door.
shut

Did you make that cake for me?
Let’s Practice
Yes, I it
for your birthday.
made

Sometimes I spend
too much money.
Let’s Practice
I know. Last week you
$200.
spent

The wind blew very
hard yesterday.
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

PRESENT PAST
blow blew
Sometimes the
wind blows hard.
Last week it
blew very hard.
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

PRESENT PAST
grow grew
He grows tomatoes
in his garden.
He grew many
tomatoes last year.
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

PRESENT PAST
swim swam
We swim in the
ocean in the
summer.
We swam in the
ocean last summer.
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

PRESENT PAST
draw drew
fall fell
feel felt
keep kept
know knew
throw threw
win won
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

I tomatoes,
carrots, and beets.
What did you grow in your garden?
Let’s Practice
grew

I know. He
off his bicycle yesterday.
Sometimes he falls off his
bicycle.
Let’s Practice
fell

Teresa became a dentist.
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 7)

PRESENT PAST
become became
You can become
a doctor.
Alisa became a
doctor last year. IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 7)

PRESENT PAST
build built
My mom builds
office buildings.
She built a new
one in our city.
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 7)

PRESENT PAST
bend bent
bite bit
feed fed
fight fought
hide hid
hold held
shake shook
IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 7)

When I am scared, I ____. Yesterday
I saw a snake. I ___.
Let’s Practice
hide
hid
hide hid

Let’s Practice
What did I do when I saw the snake?
You ___.
hid
hide hid

Every afternoon, we ____ the horses. We ___ them today at 3 o’clock.
fed
feed
Let’s Practice
feed fed

What did we do at 3:00 this afternoon?
You ____________.
Let’s Practice
fed the horses
feed fed

They ate dinner
before I arrived.
BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES
We ate dessert
after I arrived.

(a) They ate dinner.
S V
a complete sentence
= a main clause
(b) before I arrived = a time clause
an incomplete sentence
S V
BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

(c) They ate dinner before I arrived.
S V
main clause
time clause
A time clause must connect with a main clause.
(d) Before I arrived, they ate dinner.
main clause
time clause
S V
BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

They ate dinner before I arrived.
main clause time clause
BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

Before I arrived, they ate dinner.
time clause, main clause
BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

(d) Before I arrived, they ate dinner.
time clause
before + S + V
after + S + V
time clauses
(e) We ate dessert after I arrived.
time clause
S V
S V
BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

(e) We ate dessert after I arrived.
main clause
time clause
(f) After I arrived, we ate dessert.
main clause
time clause
BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

(g) I read a book after dinner.
prep. phrase
(h) I watched TV before dinner.
prep. phrase
after + noun
before + noun
=
prepositional phrase
N
N
BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

Before we moved to Maryland,
we lived in California.
time clause
main clause
Let’s Practice
?
?

?
?
I studied very hard
before the test.
time clause
main clause
Let’s Practice

After we studied,
we went out.
time clause
main clause
Let’s Practice
?
?

When the rain stopped,
we took a walk.
WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES

(a) When the rain stopped, we took a walk.
We took a walk when the rain stopped.
When can introduce a time clause.
time clauses
OR
WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES

Arnoldo lived in Peru when he was young.
noun pronoun (Arnoldo) (he)
(b) When Arnoldo was young, he lived in Peru.
OR
WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES

(c) When did the snow stop? = a question
(d) when the snow stopped = a time clause
a question = a complete sentence
a time clause = not a sentence
WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES

When he served dinner,
A. I went to a party.
B. I sat down to eat.
C. she began exercising.
Let’s Practice

A. she climbed a mountain.
When she went swimming,
B. she bought a tiger.
C. she got wet.
Let’s Practice

A. her feet hurt.
When Josey wore her new shoes,
B. when she went to school.
C. we ran home.
Let’s Practice

It is 7P.M. now.
Alexis is shopping.
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
Yesterday at 7P.M.,
Alexis was shopping.

(a) It’s noon now. Angie is eating lunch.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
(b) I saw her at noon yesterday.
She was eating lunch.
PAST PROGRESSIVE
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

(c) It’s noon. I am eating lunch.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE FORM:
AM
IS
It’s noon. Jung is eating lunch.
It’s noon. We are eating lunch.
+ -ING
+ -ING
+ -ING
ARE
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

(d) It was noon.
PAST PROGRESSIVE FORM:
WAS
WERE
Jung was eating lunch.
+ -ING
+ -ING
We were going to class.
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

When I saw my teacher, she ___________ at her watch. She was late.
Let’s Practice
was looking
look

When I arrived, the students
__________the test.
were taking
take
Let’s Practice

When the class started, he
_________ in his seat.
was sitting
Let’s Practice
sit

Mary went to her yoga class last night. The class _______ at 5:00 and ______ at 7:00.
Let’s Practice
started
ended
start
end

She had fun while she was flying.
USING WHILE WITH THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

(a) She had fun while she was flying.
(b) While she was flying, she had fun.
while + subject + verb = a time clause
USING WHILE WITH THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

(a) She had fun while she was flying.
(b) While she was flying, she had fun.
activity in progress
activity happened
USING WHILE WITH THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

He was fixing his car.
He hurt his back.
Let’s Practice
While ___________ his car he _________his back.
,
he was fixing
hurt

It started snowing.
I was driving to work.
Let’s Practice
While ____________________, ________________.
I was driving to work
it started snowing

While he _________________, ___________________.
He was running to work.
He looked at his watch. Let’s Practice
he looked at his watch
was running to work
___________________ while _______________________.
He looked at his watch
he was running to work

WHILE vs. WHEN IN PAST TIME CLAUSES
The mouse appeared while
I was studying.
I was studying when
the mouse appeared.

(a) The news was on while I was working.
(b) While I was working, the news was on.
while-clause verb often past progressive
WHILE vs. WHEN IN PAST TIME CLAUSES

(a) The news was on while I was working.
(b) While I was working, the news was on.
(c) When I worked, the news was on.
(d) The news was on when I worked.
when-clause verb often simple past
WHILE vs. WHEN IN PAST TIME CLAUSES

While I ____________ the news
this morning, my cell phone ____.
was watching
watch
rang
Let’s Practice
watch ring

When my phone ____,
I ___________ TV.
was watching
rang
Let’s Practice
watch ring

Ben __________ hard
when I ____ him today.
saw
was working
Let’s Practice
work saw

Kyung emailed me
last week.
SIMPLE PAST vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE
I was studying when
Kyung emailed me.

(a) Kyung emailed me this morning.
(b) I studied for two hours on Monday.
(c) We visited my mom on Saturday.
(d) They watched a movie last night.
began and ended
at a time in the past
Simple Past
SIMPLE PAST vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE

activity in progress when
another action happened
(e) I was cooking when Jill came over
last night.
(f) While I was cooking last night, Jill
came over.
Past Progressive
SIMPLE PAST vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE

(g) I ordered dinner when the waiter came over.
first
SIMPLE PAST vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE
second

(h) When the movie ended, I walked out.
When the movie ended, I was walking
out.
COMPARE
1
2
1
2
SIMPLE PAST vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE

When the bell ____, we ____ home.
went
rang
Let’s Practice
ring go

While I ___________,
my dog ________.
ran away
was sleeping
Let’s Practice
sleep run away