Extension Methods

“Knowledge without practice makes but half an artist“
18 th century proverb

Contents
Extension Methods
Individual Extension
Group Extension
Mass Extension
Extension Tools

Extension Methods
EM comprise the techniques of communication between extension workers and target groups with the aim of motivating and enabling them to find ways of solving their problems.
Depending of the particular methods, communication can be on a mutual basis (exhibitions, group discussion) or one-way directed (information through brochures).
There are three group of extension methods:
1. Individual
2. Group
3. Mass

Individual
Extension
or
one on one
Consultation at office
(farmer visits to agent)
Consultation by phone
Consultation by letter
Consultation at farm
(agent visits to farmer)
We classify discussion situation and outline several discussion models which can be used in different situations.
IE is the most intensive form of communication between farmers and extension workers.
Basic principles of discussion using the participation model.
Main phase in process:
Establishing what the problem is.
Searching for a solution
Choosing a solution
Evaluation

GE is the most important method for advising and promoting the interest of a large number of small farmers.
The number of people should ideally not exceed 15 to 20
Group
Extension
Field Days, demonstrations
Group discussions, meetings
Seminars, trainings
Lectures, talks

ME is to address a large number of people at once.
The people are not a close contact with each other.
ME are characterized by a one –way flow of information with the emphasis on the use of communication aids.
Mass Extension
Publications
TV or radio interviews
Exebicions
Internet
Big boards
information

Extension Tools
Adoption Model
1. Awareness
2. Interest
3. Knowledge
4. Trial
5. Decision

Tools – Awareness
Radio
TV
Newspapers
Newsletters

Tools – Knowledge
Publications
Demonstrations
Workshops
Farm Calls

Awareness
Interest
Knowledge
Trial
Decision
Bumper Stickers
Radio
TV, Videos
Weeklies
Magazines
Newsletters
Research
Publications
Schools
4-H

Awareness
Interest
Knowledge
Trial
Decision
Conferences
Workshops and Courses
Tours and Field Days
Equipment Trials
Demonstrations
Office Interviews
Farm Calls
Resource Staff
Farmer to Farmer