Implementation of Precision

Precision Agriculture
- Idea & Concept
Precision Agriculture
Sustainable agriculture
Connected problems of Economy, Community and Environment
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Precision Agriculture
- Ideas & Modern Techniques Use
Main ideas
Field mapping - detailed soil maps of fields
Crop &Biomass mapping
Crop management – use of fertilizers and pesticides according to the soil properties and crop needs
Techniques
global positioning systems (GPS); sampling machine; soil sensors
remote sensing; NDVI-sensors; crop-meters
variable rate applicators, spreaders and sprayers
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Precision Agriculture –
Actual History
The 1990th – start of precision agriculture implementations in the world;
The 2000th – wide spreading of this technology in the world: Europe, North America, Asia
The first steps in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan – 2005-2007
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The number of articles on Precision Agriculture in World press*
* - according to the Central Russian Agrarian Library
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Modern situation in Russia
The main centers of
Precision Agriculture in Russia
AgroPhysics Soil Institute, St.-Petersburg
LLC “Eurotechnika”, Samara
Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
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Precision Agriculture at Russian State Agrarian University – MTAA
2007 – creation of Scientific Center of Precision Agriculture
2008 – beginning of field experiment on adaptation of Precision Agriculture technologies
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Technical device and equipment
Navigation system
GPS; Trimble
Parallel guidance system Autopilot
Soil-tilling and seed-drilling device
AMAZONE
Fertilizers spreader and pesticide sprayers with dosing device
AMAZONE
NDVI-testers and sensors
N-tester
GreenSeeker
N-sensor
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Scientific Center of Precision Agriculture at Russian State Agrarian University - MTAA

Experimental field (6 ha)
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1. Winter wheat for forage
3. Barley
2.Potatoes
4. Vetch-oat forage mixture

Precision and Traditional Agriculture Plots (Factor A)
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Precision
Traditional

Soil Treatment (Factor B)
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T i l l
T i l l
No t i l l
No t i l l
T i l l
T i l l
No t i l l
No t i l l

No-till: sod seeder AMAZONE D-3001
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Next steps
Recommended treatments for the certain areas on the basis of completed maps and data of soil and crop conditions
Recommendations are downloaded to the board computer of tractor and machine
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Tractor’s task
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Navigation System
at operator's cab
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Receiver AgGPS 252 with rf modem AgGPS 900
Controller AgGPS NAVCONTROLLER II
Light emitting diode panel AgGPS EZ-GUIDE PLUS or EZ-GUIDE 500
or
Wheel alignment facility for device AgGPS EZ-GUIDE PLUS
Wheel alignment sensor
Control valve
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Base station
Field computer

Benefits of Autopilot system for Precision Agriculture
Tractor operator works hard, he can’t work for a long time without breaks, he will become tired and make faults
Autopilot system helps to do your routine task without faults
The results of field work will be excellent: no gaps, no blank-spots, no weeds, no waste of yield
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INTER ROW DISTANCE AND DEVIATION FROM INTER ROW DISTANCE OF SAWING MACHINES (2009-2013)*
* - inter row distance for D-9-30 – 12,0 cm, DMS – 18,8 cm

Scheme of potatoes planting
and ridging
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INTER ROW DISTANCE AND POSITION OF POTATOES PLANTS ON THE RIDGES IN CONNECTION WITH DIFFERENT PLANTING TECHNOLOGIES *- inter row distance – 75 cm
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GreenSeeker –
for crops and for weeds
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N-sensor ALS® Yara
N-Sensor ALS is mounted on a tractor's canopy. This system records light reflection of crops, calculates fertilisation recommendations and then varies the doses of fertilizer spreading
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Sensors of Nitrogen in crops
Different aims – different equipment
N-tester® Yara
GreenSeeker® RT220
N-sensor ALS® Yara
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N-tester on Winter Wheat
Nitrogen balance
under different N doses
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Maps of wheat biomass - NDVI measurement by GreenSeeker
26 April 3 May
Beginning of season:
Difference between technologies
7 June 24 June
The second half of season:
Difference between field segments
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Two NDVI-measuring systems comparison (GreenSeeker – N-sensor)
GreenSeeker N-sensor
26-28 April
GreenSeeker N-sensor
1-2 June
Different width of working beam
1–1,5 m 12–15 m
1–1,5 m 12–15 m
Independently on NDVI-measure system maps the same data are similar
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Wheat biomass map
at tillering stage (ЕС 30 – 36)
1
2
1
2
3
1 – good biomass => calibration line
2 – different biomass => on-line estimation
3 – poor biomass => on-line estimation
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N application
at tillering stage (ЕС 30 – 36)
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1
1
3
On-line N-application prescription,
application map
1 – good biomass => standard N-application, dose 70 kg/ha and the same dose at traditional agriculture plots – [1]
2 – different biomass => different N-application, doses 65-80 kg/ha
3 – poor biomass => low N-application, doses <70 kg/ha
2
2
1
1
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Wheat Yield Map
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Biomass and Yield Maps
Poor biomass, low yield, application N 70 kg/ha
Poor boimass, low yield, application N < 70 kg/ha
=> Profitability of N application is different
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DOZES OF HERBIZIDES RELATING NDVI PARAMETERS FOR WINTER WHEAT PLANTS

APPLYING DOZES OF HERBICIDE COWBOY RELATING NDI PARAMETERS

First step – soil mapping
Points of soil samples taking
(1,4 ha) to demonstrate variability of NPK content
Map of soil fertility was made before beginning of crop-rotation
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YIELD OF THE CROPS RELATING THE VARIANTS OF SOIL TREATMENT
(2009-2013)

Conclusions
The researches of five-year duration demonstrate the preference of precision agricultural technology in planting cereal crops and potatoes in the Central Region of Russia at loamy-sandy sod-podzol soils.
The following elements and methods of precision agriculture were examined: soil characteristics mapping, autopilot for sowing and crop-tending operations, green biomass mapping with N-sensors.
The using of optical N-sensors is effective for application of different doses of fertilizers and improving yield quality.
Autopilot system for sowing and crop-tending operations is much effective as it allows avoiding the over-sowing and gaps.
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Researches carried out at the Scientific Centre on Precision Agriculture of Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy and presented in the above report were done within the support of Grant of the Government of the RF № 11.g. 34.31.0079