infinitiv

К неличным формам глагола относятся: инфинитив, герундий, причастие.
В отличие от личных форм глагола, неличные формы выражают действие без указания лица и числа и поэтому не могут служить в предложении сказуемым.

The Infinitive
Инфинитив (неопределенная форма глагола) – это неличная глагольная форма, которая только называет действие, не указывая ни лица, ни числа.
Формальным признаком инфинитива
может служить частица to, которая
не имеет самостоятельного значения
и часто опускается перед инфинитивом.

The forms of the Infinitive

Write the appropriate form of the infinitive
I went
she has been playing
he had worked
it was read
they have been informed
he is writing
it is fixed
he will type
he was cleaning
she will be sleeping
to have gone
to have been playing
to have worked
to have been read
to have been informed
to be writing
to be fixed
to type
to have been cleaning
to be sleeping

Fill in the correct form of the infinitive
My boss expects me …………………..overtime.
Young children often ask ……………..to the zoo.
“I happen …………………my driving test two years ago, you know,” he said.
Leslie seems …………………………her new job.
I’d like …………a return ticket to Paris, please.
Stop pretending …………………….your food – just finish it up, please.
The manager seems …………………impatient with the interviewee.
WORK
TAKE
PASS
ENJOY
BOOK
EAT
GET
to work
to be taken
to have passed
to enjoy/to be enjoying.
to book
to eat/to be eating
to be getting

The functions of the infinitive in the sentence
1. Функция подлежащего:
To read is a great pleasure. - Читать – большое удовольствие.
В функции подлежащего инфинитив стоит в начале предложения, за ним должно следовать сказуемое.
2. Именная часть сказуемого:
His aim was to deceive Mark. - Его целью было обмануть Марка.
3. Часть составного глагольного сказуемого:
We intend to celebrate this occasion. - Мы намереваемся отпраздновать это событие.

4. Функция дополнения:
Peter asked me to look after his son. - Питер попросил меня присмотреть за его сыном.
5. Функция определения:
There is a lot of work to be done. - Есть много работы, которую надо сделать.
6. Функция обстоятельства:
I swim everyday to be fit. - Я плаваю каждый день, чтобы быть в форме.

The to-infinitive is used:
1. to express purpose:
She went out to buy some milk. (in order to buy)
2. after certain verbs (advise, agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, promise, refuse, etc.)
He refused to pay the bill.
3. after certain adjectives (angry, happy, glad, willing, eager, clever, kind etc.)
She was glad to see him.
4. after questions words (where, how, what, who, which, except why)
Has she told you where to meet them?
but: I don`t know why he left so early.

5. after certain nouns:
It’s pleasure to work with you.
6. after would like/would love/would prefer (to express specific preference):
I’d love to go for a walk.
7. after too/ enough constructions:
He’s too short to reach the top shelf.
He isn’t tall enough to reach the top shelf.
He’s got enough money to live on.
8. with it + be + adjective (+ of + object):
It was nice of him to remember my birthday.

9. with “only” to express unsatisfactory result:
He called me only to say that he would be late.
10. with: so + adjective + as:
Would you be so kind as to help me move the sofa?
11. after: be + the first/second/etc/next/last/best etc.
He was the last to come to work.
12. in the expression : for + noun/pronoun + to –inf.
For him to be so rude is unforgivable.

Phrases with the Infinitive
to be honest – честно говоря
to begin with – для начала, начнем с того что
to tell (you) the truth – по правде говоря
to cut a long story short – короче говоря
to get back to the point – возвращаясь к сути дела
to put it another way – иначе говоря
to say nothing of – не говоря уже о
to put it mildly – мягко выражаясь
to say the least of it – по меньшей мере

The infinitive without to is used:
1. after modal verbs (can, could, must, may, might, should):
You must be back at 12 o’clock.
2. after had better/would rather в значении «лучше бы»:
I’d rather have stayed in last night.
You’d better ask your parents if you can come.
3. After make/let/see/hear/feel/watch/notice:
Mum lets me watch TV.
I made him apologize.
But: in the passive form:
be made/be heard/be seen + to-Infinitive
He was made to apologise.

Translate from English into Russian
1. The buyers want to know our terms of payment.
Покупатели хотят знать наши условия платежа.
2. To walk in the garden was a pleasure.
Гулять в саду было приятно.
3. They watched the boy cross the street.
Они видели, как мальчик переходил улицу.
4. To see is to believe.
Видеть — значит верить.
5. He is sure to enjoy himself at the disco.
Ему, несомненно, понравится на дискотеке.
6. I felt him put his hand on my shoulder.
Я почувствовал, как он положил руку на мое плечо.

7. She seems to be having a good time at the seaside.
Она, кажется, хорошо проводит время на берегу моря.
8. She remembered to have been told a lot about this man.
Она вспомнила, что ей много рассказывали об этом мужчине.
9. He proved to be one of the cleverest students at our school.
Он оказался одним из самых способных учеников нашей школы.

Use the appropriate form of the infinitive.
They want (to take) to the concert by their father.
I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday.
This plant is known (to produce) tractors.
He wants his son (to become) a lawyer.
He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris.
You had better (to call) our distributors at once.
We are happy (to invite) to the party.
to be taken
to have done
to produce
to become
to know
to have spent
call
to have been invited

8. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was
covered with a deep layer of snow.
9. He didn’t hear me (to knock) at the door.
10. I want (to inform) of her arrival.
11. Our sportsmen are proud (to win) the cup.
12. He is known (to work) on the problem for many years.
13. The representative of the firm asked for the documents (to
send) by air mail.
to have been snowing
knock
to be informed
to have won
to have been working
to be sent

Put “to” where it is necessary.
I think you ought … apologize.
Make him … speak louder.
Help me … carry this bag.
My son asked me … let him … go to the theatre.
I must … go to the country.
It cannot … be done to-day.
She asked me … read the letter carefully and … write an answer.
The man told me not … walk on the grass.
Let me … help you with your work.
She ought … take care of her health.
We had better … stop to rest a little.
I don’t know what … do.
to
x
x
x
to
x
x
to
to
to
x
to
to
x

He was seen … leave the house.
We have come … ask whether there is anything we can … do.
We heard the siren … sound and saw the ship … move.
I cannot … go there now, I have some work … do.
During the crossing the passengers felt the ship … toss.
You must make him … practice an hour a day.
He is not sure that it can … be done, but he is willing … try.
I looked for the book everywhere but could not … find it.
He said that she might … come in the evening.
She was made … repeat the song.
Would you rather … learn shorthand than typewriting?
Put “to” where it is necessary.
to
to
x
x
x
x
to
x
x
x
to
x
x
to
x

Put “to” before the infinitive where it is necessary:
1. I like___play the guitar.
2. My brother can___speak French.
3. We had___put on our overcoats because it was cold.
4. They wanted___cross the river.
5. It is high time for you___go to bed.
6. May I___use your telephone?
7. They heard the girl___cry out with joy.
8. I would rather___stay at home today.
9. He did not want___play in the yard any more.
10. Would you like___go to England?
11. You look tired. You had better___go home.
12. I wanted___speak to Nick, but could not___find his telephone
number.
13. It is time___get up.
14. Let me___help you with your homework.
15. I was planning___do a lot of things yesterday.

1. I like to play the guitar.
2. My brother can x speak French.
3. We had to put on our overcoats because it was cold.
4. They wanted to cross the river.
5. It is high time for you to go to bed.
6. May I x use your telephone?
7. They heard the girl x cry out with joy.
8. I would rather x stay at home today.
9. He did not want to play in the yard any more.
10. Would you like to go to England?
11. You look tired. You had better x go home.
12. I wanted to speak to Nick, but could not x find his telephone
number.
13. It is time to get up.
14. Let me x help you with your homework.
15. I was planning to do a lot of things yesterday.