Introduction to Phonetics

Sounds
- Vowels
- Consonants

Vowels
Short Vowels: [i], [e], [æ], [ʊ], [ɒ], [ә], [ʌ]
Long Vowels: [i:], [u:], [ɔ:], [a:], [ɜ:ʳ]
Diphthongs: [ei], [ai], [ɔi], [au], [әʊ], [iәʳ], [eәʳ], [ʊәʳ].

[æ]
A black cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat.

[a:]
It’s hard to park such a big car in the dark.

[ɜ:ʳ]
The early bird catches the worm.
Learn thirteen words of lesson thirty.

Consonants
Sounds very similar to Russian ones: b, p, g, k, z, s, f, v.
Sounds similar to Russian ones : d, t, l, n.
Sounds different to Russian ones : r, j, tʃ, dʒ, ʃ, ʒ, h.
Do not exist in Russian: w, θ , ð, ŋ

[p], [k]
I’ll have a proper cup of coffee in a proper coffee-cup.

[r]
The three will probably drive across the Brooklyn Bridge.
We gathered red ripe raspberries along the river road.

[Ŋ]
Young singer don’t sing this song. It’s too sad, it’s too long.

[θ] , [ð]
Theo thrust a thumb though two or three thick straw thatches.
The motive that prompted all these things was rather low I think.