Main categories of morality

Main categories of morality
Good and Evil:
Difficult to define the borders in-between;
Many people do not recognize its existence;
Many believe the good and evil are just our perceptions and evaluations;
Many see both as the universal dimensions: one cannot exist without another one.

Main categories of morality
Good and Evil
What is good?: fundamental question of ethics;
Honesty, virtues; pleasure – are all these Good?
Activities: “a good act”; “a good guy”, etc.
E. Moor: “A mistake of a complete mixture of qualities and objects”.

Main categories of morality
Good and Evil: E. Moor:
Pure pleasures cannot be a good;
Sufferings cannot be just evil;
Kant and Plato justified “good” with super-naturalism (God, Gods) – that is naturalism;
Main aim is to seek for and find out what is “to be good”

Main categories of morality
Good and Evil:
A human being cannot be “automatic” in doing good;
To Be Good is an art;
A. Rorthy: to have a good will is not enough to be good.
Morality of a human is not coming from the aim. But has to have an internal source;

Good: main intellectual abilities for it (by Frank):
Imagination and open mind;
Openness towards new changes and innovations;
Ability to choose and cooperate;
Loyalty and objectivity;
Constructive attitude to conflict situations;
A “just” feeling;
Ability to “push” when needed and to abstain when needed.

Evil
The same force as good (belief in God and Devil);
Evil is an absence of good;
Evil often comes from human, his freedom to act not in a good way.
F. Dostoyevsky: ability to do evil – is a ‘depth’ of spirit of a human being, as well as committing good.
J. Boudreares: “Transparency of Evil”;

Evil: religious and non-religious perceptions
Huge history of literature and art:
‘”Faust”: Mephistopheles: “I am a part of evil, that always wants to harm, but acts for good” (Goethe).
‘Master and Margarita’ of M. Bulgakov;
‘Divine Comedy’ of Dante;
Pictures: Renaissance and modernity: the sources of evil being depicted;
N. Berdyaev: Ethics is composed from good and evil as a paradox.