Operation Systems

Real-time
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Distributed
Embedded
Types of operating systems

Basic principles of OS

OS tasks are divided into 6 categories:
Trolling processor – the division of tasks into manageable pieces and distributing them by priority before sending for processing in the CPU.
Memory management - coordinating the flow of data to (from) RAM and requesting space in the virtual memory.
Device management - connection between each peripherals devices.
Data Management – send data to hard disks, flash drives etc. to store for a long time.
The application interface - providing standard communication and data exchange between programs and computers.
User Interface - providing ways for user to communicate and interact with the computer.
Functionality. Algorithm of working

UNIX and next generations OS

Vulnerability of OS
Windows
Remote hacking through NetBIOS
Passwords in Windows NT, and the likes, use SAM (Security Accounts Manager), which puts all the information in the database of the same name. If you open SAM in the special soft, you could get all passwords.
Unix (Linux, Mac OS)
Penetration of the service, a pending request (TCP / UDP)
Using as a base of UNIX, ensure safety of two or more networks.
The use of methods of remote hacking, implying a hidden user involvement (created with criminal intent a special Web-site and e-mail with an attached "Trojan horse", etc.).

Examples of OS
Compare of OS
First GUIs
Modern GUIs

Windows
Macintosh
Based on UNIX
Used only on Apple computers
More safety
Better for multimedia and graphics
More responsive to increase of calculations
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Based on DOS
Used on all types of computers
Less safety
Better for business
Less responsive to increase of calculations

Windows
Linux
Based on UNIX
Command Line let user operate the OS
Drivers often installed automatically
Lots of free software, but not commercials
Based on MS DOS
Command Line don’t have permission to operate the OS
Drivers could be installed from Internet, Disk or manually
A lot of proprietary and free software
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Features of different OS
Windows is also used as server – line
Linux is an OS that depends on what module is plugged-in
Mac OS has a Time Machine backup, which let you to recover previous versions of individual files or even the entire system.
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First GUIs
Ms Dos 1.0
Mac OS 1.0

Windows 1.0
One of the ancient Linux
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Windows 8

Puppy Linux 3.01

MacOS X Lion

The descendants of the old OS
IOS is an OS that is used in
I-Phones, I-Pads etc. This OS based on MacOS.
Android is the most popular OS
for smartphones and tablet PCs.
This OS based on Linux.
Kolibri OS is the first OS that is written on Assembler.