Осложненное предложение

DEFINITION
Semi-composite sentence is a sentence that contains two types of predication: primary and secondary connected either by coordinate or subordinate relations.

SEMI-COMPOSITE SENTENCE
Semi-composite sentence is a polypredicative construction consisting of more than one predicative line which are expressed in fusion.
Composite – pred. line + pred.line
Semi-composite - pred. line + semi- pred.line
Fusion ( blending) semi-predication
(hidden predication,
potential predication)

CAUSES OF BLENDING
1) the principle of economy
2) closer connection of the events in a sentence with a fused element.
When I entered the room, I turned the radio on.
Entering the room, I turned the radio on.

SEMI-COMPOSITE SENTENCE
+
leading semi-predicative
(dominant)
I want
you to know it.

THE PARADIGMATICS OF THE S-C. SENTENCE (PHRASALIZATION)

THE SYNTACTIC STATUS OF THE S-C SENTENCE
Syntactic structure : simple sentence
( one full predicative line)
Semantic structure: composite sentence
(two situations)
intermediary status

THE TYPES
OF THE SEMI-COMPOSITE SENTENCES

SEMI-COMPLEX SENTENCES
insert s.
matrix s.
When the bell rang, the students left the room.
The bell ringing, the students left the room.
matrix s.

FUSION (BLENDING)
IN SEMI-COMPLEX SENTENCE
1. Position-sharing (word sharing)
- subject-sharing
- object-sharing
2. Direct linear expansion

POSITION-SHARING
(WORD SHARING)
Subject-sharing
1) He woke up. He was famous.
He woke up ….. ?
Predicates ?

She grew up a beautiful woman.
They married young.
His was found dead. Go easy!
Slim happy!

Subject-sharing
2) She was seen. She was sleeping.
She was seen sleeping.
Construction?

POSITION-SHARING
(WORD SHARING)
Object-sharing
1) I saw her. She was dancing.
I saw her dancing.
I heard him. He said it.
I heard him say it.
Construction - ?
Verbs?

POSITION-SHARING
(WORD SHARING)
2) causative relations ( cause – result)
I made him do it.
She got her watch repaired.
She had her bag stolen.
I painted the wall white.
I zipped my bag closed.

Make blends:
Love me. Be tender.
Take it and be easy.
I like tea when it is hot.
I washed the floor. It is clean.
The sun was shining. It was bright.
Dad slammed the door. It was shut.
Keep Britain so that it was tidy.

DIRECT LINEAR EXPANSION
1. attributive complication
2. adverbial complication
3. nominal complication

ATTRIBUTIVE COMPLICATION
The sun, setting in the ocean, looks terrific. - Base sentences?
The typed letter was sent in the morning.

ADVERBIAL COMPLICATION
Entering the hall, the students took their places ( conjoint). The bell ringing, the students left the hall
(absolute).
When a student, I used to skip my classes (syndetic)
The class over, the students left the room (?)

NOMINAL COMPLICATION
I bought a dictionary for you to study.
What to do is a problem.
The question is where to go next.
I appreciate you (your) helping me.
Your helping me out made me happy.
verbals?

VERBALS AND THEIR COMPLEXES
Infinitive : 1) Complex Object
2) Complex Subject
3) Infinitive phrase
4) For-to-inf. Complex
Gerund : Gerundial complex
Participle: Absolute Nominative
Construction

SEMI-COMPOUND SENTENCES
(CONTRACTED SENTENCES)
John wrote a book. John published it.
John wrote and published a book.
Subject-sharing type

HOMOGENEOUS (PARALLEL) PARTS
Coordinative connection
Co-subordination
One and the same syntactic function
-- same morphological form?
She saw the expression on his face and that he was standing stiller than the statues…

Predicate-sharing type
Mary and John work (subject group).
Mary works, not John (contrast). Mary works and John too (distant).
Semi-compound ?

COODINATIVE CONNECTION
Syndetical
and, but, or,
not only, also,
both… and,
either … or,
neither … nor,
then, so, only, just
He didn't come, just called.
Asyndetical
He couldn’t talk, couldn’t eat, couldn’t breathe, because of her.

SENTENCES OF
PRIMITIVIZED TYPE
His arrival made me happy.
We stopped to read a notice.
I went to the bank to be refused the loan.
Hidden predication?

NONFINITE CLAUSES
formed with a nonfinite verb, a verbal element that is not marked for person, number, or tense.
always dependent, or embedded, since a main clause must have a finite verb.

INFINITIVE CLAUSES
The teacher made me do it.
I saw Aaron leave.
I want to give you a present.
He seems to have left.
Sally appears to be doing well.
He seems to have been doing better recently.
She wants to be given more responsibility.
He seems to have been overlooked.

TRANSITION FROM SIMPLE TO COMPOSITE SENTENCE
Contracted sentences (with homogeneous parts)
Sentences with secondary predication
With a dependent appendix

COMPOSITE OR SIMPLE?
She caught the thoughtful, withdrawn, disengaged look rested on the girl and boy: and, glancing back at the girl, saw a perplexing expression in the sullen grey eyes.

COMPOSITE OR SIMPLE?
She caught the thoughtful, withdrawn, disengaged look rested on the girl and boy: and, glancing back at the girl, saw a perplexing expression in the sullen grey eyes.

COMPOSITE OR SIMPLE?
She caught the thoughtful, withdrawn, disengaged look rested on the girl and boy: and, glancing back at the girl, saw a perplexing expression in the sullen grey eyes.

COMPOSITE OR SIMPLE?
She caught the thoughtful, withdrawn, disengaged look that rested on the girl and boy: and, glancing back at the girl, saw an expression in the sullen grey eyes that perplexed her.

COMPOSITE OR SIMPLE?
She caught the thoughtful, withdrawn, disengaged look that rested on the girl and boy: and, glancing back at the girl, saw an expression in the sullen grey eyes that perplexed her.

DEPENDENT APPENDIX
It takes less courage to climb down than to face capture.
Denis tried to escape but in vain.