Political culture of the Germany sources

According to history, in 1517 the German reformer Martin Luther nailed his famous "95 Theses" to the door of the church of Wittenberg, which was the beginning of the Reformation in Western Christianity.
This led to the formation of a new Lutheran church community. Luther is considered the father of Protestantism.
Today, Protestantism is very common in Europe and America, Asia and Africa. There are 345 million followers in the world
Protestantism divides all-Christian ideas about God, about the immortality of the soul, hell and heaven, rejecting only the Catholic idea of purgatory.
In Protestantism there are no prayers for the dead, worship of various saints, relics and icons. There are also no monasteries. And the Bible is the only source of doctrine.

Nazi period
In 1933, the National Socialists of the German Workers' Party, led by Adolf Hitler, came to power in Germany.
During Nazi rule, German political culture changed. The new political culture was imposed through massive propaganda.
The main ideas of the "new culture" are:
-Increasing the Aryan race, ie German over others. Racism against other races.
-Solidarity between social classes, which was to be based on nationalism.
-Elititarianism. All people are different, so everyone has their own way of realization.
But it should be noted that Nazi political culture was quite aggressive towards other cultures, leading to mass killings on racial or national grounds, as the "new culture" extended only to the German nation.

These theses were the pillars of Nazi political culture, based on nationalism, solidarity and chauvinism.
But it should be noted that Nazi political culture was quite aggressive towards other cultures, leading to mass killings on racial or national grounds, as the "new culture" extended only to the German nation.

The political culture of Germany after the Second World War was characterized by deep apoliticality of its citizens. This was the result of excessive "politicization" of the population during the Nazi period, disillusionment with previous ideals, which gave rise to a negative attitude towards everything related to politics. Politics began to be viewed not as a potential business of the entire people, but as a business of the political elite.
Similar sentiments were manifested both among the older generation and among young people. For the latter, the orientation towards the values ​​of the post-industrial society became especially noticeable, the fundamental idea of ​​which is the free self-determination of a person and the idea of ​​the quality of life. This was facilitated by the extremely successful economic development of the FRG.
This led to a significant expansion of the layers
population with average income. In the GDR at this time, a socialist political culture, although the population as a whole remained indifferent to new political ideals and values. The interests of people were confined to the interests of family, friends, acquaintances at work.

The fall of the Berlin Wall and the unification of the two Germanies gave rise to new problems in the political culture of German society. The merging of the two cultures was not painless, the East Germans felt as if unequal, infringed. Hence the slowness of the integration processes. The difference in what could be called a political mentality affects. Almost half a century of domination by a different political regime, a different ideology could not but affect the political outlook of the East Germans. They are more authoritarian than West Germans, less value of rights and freedoms constitutions and expect more from the state, which they consider to be responsible for all problems.
Thus, the political culture of modern Germany is a contradictory phenomenon. It includes elements from different political cultures. The reunification of the two German states should turn them into a single political culture. The sooner the living conditions in the former GDR lands become equal to those of the rest of the Federal Republic, the sooner the political culture of the former GDR will come closer to the dominant political culture of the FRG.

Immigration to Germany has occurred throughout the country's history. Today, Germany is one of the most popular destinations for immigrants in the world. According to the statistic, there are 11.4 million people is a immigrant, representing 13.7% of the population in Germany.

History of immigration to Germany
During the period of Counter-Reformation in the 16-17th century, about 100000 protestants migrate to the territory of modern Germany.
In 1572 after the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, large numbers of Huguenots settled in what is now Germany

Towards the end of World War II, and in its aftermath, up to 12 million refugees of ethnic Germans, so-called "Heimatvertriebene" (German for "expellees", literally "homeland displaced persons") were forced to migrate from the former German areas, as for instance Silesia or East Prussia, to the new formed States of post-war Germany and Allied-occupied Austria, because of changing borderlines in Europe.
From the 1955-1973 in the East and West Germany existed guest worker program. According to this agreements German companies had the right to recruit foreign citizens to work in Germany. As a result, even though many did ultimately return to their countries of origin, several million of the recruited workers and their families ended up settling in Germany permanently. Nevertheless, the government continued to encourage the public perception of the arriving immigrants as temporary guest workers (Gastarbeiter) and for many years made little provision for their integration into German society.

In 2015, due to active hostilities in the Middle East arrivals of asylum seekers, which had been increasing steadily for years, began to rise sharply, driven especially by refugees fleeing wars in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan. As in result, millions of people arrived in Germany on legal and illegal form.
Amount of illegal immigrants