Politology as a science

Plan
1. Occurrence of political science.
2. Subject, methods, functions of political science.

The term "political science" is made from two words of ancient Greek language: "Polis" and "logos" also means a science about the state. From Latin "polite" - public and state affairs, "logos" - concept, the doctrine.
Political science is a social science discipline that deals with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior.

Politics- it is sphere of people’s ability to live, covering authority and imperious relations.
The political science as a science exists more than two thousand years.
As the modern science it was issued in the West after the ending of the Second World War. The leading part in a modern western political science is occupied the American political science. Its development begins with the end of 50 years.
The political science of Germany is presented to M.Weber (1864-1920) who has given classical definition of authority, types of legitimacy.
In France the political science traditionally researches political systems and political processes.

Objects of research of a political science are such problems, as:
- ways of development and carrying out to life of state politics;
-problems of regulation socially- political relation;
-all complex of problems of democracy;
-problems of political authority
-political socialization (becoming of the person by the subject of the political relations);
-behavior of various social groups and persons in political events;
-history of a political idea and its basic currents;
-the international relations.

The important subject of a policy is the person who becomes those not by the right of a birth, and gets this role during comprehension of rules of the politics tricks working in a society.
Other subject of a policy is the social group, social stratums and social generality.

The political science in the researches uses various methods
traditional method
Historical- the special attention was given the description of political events, estimations of the last policy;
Legal- studying the constitutional principles and legal codes prevailed;
Institutional- is characterized by domination of the normative-legal approach in which the accent is put on the analysis of activity of political institutes.
empirical method - accenting the attention on the concrete analysis of the concrete empirical data: behavior of individuals and social groups.

System methods. They are applied at the analysis of political systems as a whole, by comparison and studying of components of political systems.
Behavioral methods. It is used at studying forms of political behavior of various social groups and separate people.
Quantitative methods. To this methods concern statistical researches, questionnaires, laboratory experiments.
Comparative methods. It is comparison not less than two political objects; therefore they are connected with the certain principles of selection of subjects for comparison.
Methods of decision- making. They are used during decision-making and definition of the central problem, revealing causaling- investigatory connections, a choice of a way of political action, a choice of means of transformation oа political decisions in the state.

FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
Theoretical -cognitive
methodological
educational
world outlook
regulatory
analytical
prognostic