Relative Clauses

relative pronoun can be omitted
who / that
which / that
The girl (who lives next door to you) is my cousin.
The shop (which has opened in our street) is lovely.
She’s the girl (whose father is a pilot).
BUT! Relative clause is a subject:
Relative clause is an object:
The woman (who you met) is my aunt Marry.
The book (that you gave me) is very interesting.

Relative Clauses
[ main clause ]( relative clause)
relative adverb
when / that
where
why
That was the year (when we got married).
The café (where we had dinner) is very expensive.
The reason (why she was late) is unclear.

Defining relative clause
Non-defining relative clause
The bank (which was burgled last week)
has reopened.
no commas
commas
Kate Blanchett, (who stars in ‘The Lord of
the Rings’), is a great actress.
essential information
extra information
! that

some
many
half
etc.
of
whom
which
whose
She got a lot of job offers,
most of which were from banks.

Clauses of Purpose

He is running in order to catch the bus.
She’ll stay at the office late so that
she will finish the report.
Joe joined a gym so that he could become fitter.
He went to the bank with the aim of asking
for a loan.
I need a special liquid for removing paint.
Leave earlier in case you come in time.
She kept a second set of keys in case she lost
the first one.

Clauses of Reason
as
because
for
on the grounds that
due to (+Ving or noun)
They fired him (on the grounds that he didn’t do his job).
He left the shop, (for he wasn’t satisfied with the service).
The airport had to close (due to severe snowstorm).

Clauses of Result

He is such a good teacher (that all his students love him).
They are such nice people (that everybody likes them).
He had such a lot of work (that he had to cancel the dinner).
Clauses of Result

They were talking so loudly (that the librarian asked them to leave).
There was so much traffic (that it took us an hour to get home).
It is so popular a museum (that it’s always crowded).
Clauses of Result

We could not find a room to rent and therefore we had to look for a flat.
Clauses of Result