Содержание
- 2. ONTOLOGY - REFERS TO THE SET OF PHENOMENA THAT ARE SAID TO EXIST, OR KNOWN, BY
- 3. Ontology - how do researchers conceptualize what they study? Epistemology - how do researchers know what
- 4. ONTOLOGY REFERS TO THE CHARACTER OF THE WORLD AS IT ACTUALLY IS. ACCORDINGLY, IT REFERS TO
- 5. Ontology is ultimately crucial to methodology because the appropriateness of a particular set of methods for
- 6. HOWEVER, IT IS UNCLEAR WHAT IF ANY WARRANT WE COULD PROVIDE FOR MOST ONTOLOGICAL CLAIMS IF
- 7. JACKSON (P. 29) - BUT IS THERE ONLY ONE TYPE OF ONTOLOGY? NO CONCRETE ONTOLOGY -
- 8. THE VIRTUAL DISAPPEARANCE OF PHILOSOPHICAL ONTOLOGY FROM IR DEBATES - AND ITS READY REPLACEMENT BY SETS
- 9. Philosophical Ontology - Mind-world dualism To coherently argue that knowledge-production is separate from and subordinate to
- 10. Philosophical Ontology 02-Mind-world monism Mind-world monism maintains that the researcher is a part of the world
- 11. Phenomenalism • The reliance on empirical observation and directly apprehend able data - classic empiricism. •
- 12. JACKSON CREATES A TAXONOMY OF THE VARIOUS OPTIONS, EACH ONE ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS, ONTOLOGICAL
- 13. Pluralistic philosophical context There are a variety of claims about how IR is connected to the
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Слайд 2ONTOLOGY - REFERS TO THE SET OF PHENOMENA THAT ARE SAID TO
ONTOLOGY - REFERS TO THE SET OF PHENOMENA THAT ARE SAID TO
Слайд 3Ontology - how do researchers conceptualize what they study?
Epistemology - how do
Ontology - how do researchers conceptualize what they study?
Epistemology - how do
Methodology – how do researchers select their tools?
Слайд 4 ONTOLOGY REFERS TO THE CHARACTER OF THE WORLD AS IT ACTUALLY
ONTOLOGY REFERS TO THE CHARACTER OF THE WORLD AS IT ACTUALLY
Слайд 5Ontology is ultimately crucial to methodology because the appropriateness of a particular
Ontology is ultimately crucial to methodology because the appropriateness of a particular
To be valid, the methodologies used in a field must be congruent with its prevailing ontologies
Which one comes first?
• The sequence which is echoed in numerous contemporary guides to run from ontology (concerning being, and what exists in the world) to epistemology (concerning knowing, and how observers formulate and evaluate statements about the world) and only then to methodology.
Слайд 6HOWEVER, IT IS UNCLEAR WHAT IF ANY WARRANT WE COULD PROVIDE FOR
HOWEVER, IT IS UNCLEAR WHAT IF ANY WARRANT WE COULD PROVIDE FOR
Слайд 7JACKSON (P. 29) - BUT IS THERE ONLY ONE TYPE OF ONTOLOGY?
JACKSON (P. 29) - BUT IS THERE ONLY ONE TYPE OF ONTOLOGY?
Слайд 8THE VIRTUAL DISAPPEARANCE OF PHILOSOPHICAL ONTOLOGY FROM IR DEBATES - AND ITS
THE VIRTUAL DISAPPEARANCE OF PHILOSOPHICAL ONTOLOGY FROM IR DEBATES - AND ITS
Слайд 9 Philosophical Ontology - Mind-world dualism
To coherently argue that knowledge-production
Philosophical Ontology - Mind-world dualism
To coherently argue that knowledge-production
This mind-world dualism is the philosophical ontology that makes meaningful the proposition that we can empirically evaluate scientific ontologies, because if there is a world existing "out there" in a mind-independent way, we can in principle compare any given scientific ontology to that world and see if it matches in some sense.
Слайд 10Philosophical Ontology 02-Mind-world monism
Mind-world monism maintains that the researcher is a
Philosophical Ontology 02-Mind-world monism
Mind-world monism maintains that the researcher is a
"World" is endogenous to social practices of knowledge-production, including (but not limited to) scholarly practices, and hence scholarly knowledge-production is not a simple description or recording of already existing stable worldly objects.
In methodological terms, mind-world monism suggests that strategies of falsification or strategies of producing a scientific ontology rich enough to capture the actual constituents of a mind-independent world are nonsensical.
They rest on a presumption that blinds them to the ways in which the production of knowledge is itself also and simultaneously productive of the world (Jackson, pp. 36 and 114).
Слайд 11Phenomenalism
• The reliance on empirical observation and directly apprehend able data
Phenomenalism
• The reliance on empirical observation and directly apprehend able data
• Knowledge, to the contrary, is a matter of organising past experiences so as to forge useful tools for the investigation of future, as-yet-unknown situations.
Transfactualism
• The possibility of knowing things unobservables since it holds out the possibility of going beyond the facts to grasp the deeper processes and factors that generate those facts.
• Valid knowledge-claims should reach beyond experiences to grasp the deeper generative causal properties that give rise to those experiences.
Слайд 12 JACKSON CREATES A TAXONOMY OF THE VARIOUS OPTIONS, EACH ONE ASSOCIATED
JACKSON CREATES A TAXONOMY OF THE VARIOUS OPTIONS, EACH ONE ASSOCIATED
Слайд 13 Pluralistic philosophical context
There are a variety of claims about
Pluralistic philosophical context
There are a variety of claims about
Jackson's most important conclusion is that no single methodology or philosophical understanding of the scientific method ought to dominate the field.
The goals of the particular IR study in question and the context of the research need to be considered when deciding on the appropriate approach.