Subjects of law

Subjects of law
Individuals (citizens of the RF, persons without citizenship, refugees)
Legal entities
The state and the state bodies
Municipalities and municipal bodies
Subjects of law have two legal qualities:
Passive capacity
Active capacity

Individuals
(Chapter 3 of the Civil Code of the RF)
All the individuals have
Passive capacity
Active capacity
(Art. 17 – 30 of the Civil Code of the RF)

Passive capacity (Art. 17-18)
It means the capability
to possess civil rights and
to bear civil duties

Contents of the Individual’s Passive capacity
The individuals may (under Art. 18 of the Civil Code):
Posses the property under the right of ownership
Inherit and bequeath the property
Engage in business and in any other activities
Set up legal entities
Select the place of residence
Others

The passive legal capacity of a citizen arises at the moment of his birth and ceases with his death.

All the citizens have
equal passive legal capacity

What is the active capacity?
Art. 21 of the Civil Code:
It is the capability of the citizen to acquire and exercise by his actions the civil rights, to create for himself the civil duties and to discharge them.

The active capacity is an ability to behave reasonably and independently
So:
The civil active capacity arises in full volume with the citizen's coming of age, i.e., upon his reaching the age of 18 years.

The Active Capacity of the Minors
But the minors are able to behave reasonably and independently in some situations. So they can execute some rights.
What are these rights?

Article 28. The Active Capacity of the Young Minors
Article 26. The Active Capacity of the Minors in age from 14-18 years