Suffixes in English

She sang softly hoping that the baby would fall asleep.
He was known throughout the community for his kindness and generosity.
We have so much to be thankful for.
He got an A in Biology class.

What do you think are the meaning of the underlined words?
◦ softly ◦ hoping ◦ kindness ◦ generosity ◦ thankful ◦ Biology
What do you think are the root words of the following words?

WHAT IS A SUFFIX?
A suffix is a letter or a group of letters attached to the end of a word to form a new word or to alter the grammatical function of the original word. For example, the verb read can be made into the noun reader by adding the suffix - er; read can be made into the adjective readable by adding the suffix -able.

Nouns
verbs->nouns
-er/-or/-ar:teach – teacher (оқыту- оқытушы), to play (ойын) - a player (ойыншы) * father, sister, daughter *
–ment:to move (қозғалу) - movement (қозғалыс). engage – engagement (қызықтыру–қызығушылық)
– tion/-sion:revolve – revolution, act – action, abort – abortion, obsess - obsession; nation, fiction, aggression, complexion.

1. Суффикс -er (-or).
to mix - a mixer.
2. Суффикс -ist.
3. Суффикс -ian.
academician - академик, musician - музыкант, Darwinian - дарвинист.
4. Суффикс –ity
able (қабілетті) - ability (қабілет);
5. Суффикс -ing
to meet (қарсы алу ) - meeting (кездесу )
6. Суффикс -hood
child (бала) - childhood (балалық шақ ), man (ер) - manhood (ерлiк).
7. Суффикс -ment (қозғалу) - movement (қозғалыс).
8. Суффикс -ness
dark ( қараңғы ) - darkness (қараңғылық )
9. Суффикс -у
to inquire (сұрау) - inquiry (сұхбат).
10. Суффикс -th :
true (шыншыл ) - truth (шындык)
11. Суффикс -ant :
to assist ( көмектесу ) - assistant ; көмекшi
12. Суффикс –age
to marry (үйлену ) - marriage (үйлену тойы);
13. Суффикс -ism
Darwinism, romanticism, capitalism, vandalism.
14. Суффикс -urе (-ture, -sure)
15. Суффикс -ship
friend (дос) - friendship (достық )

Adjectives
-ful(full of…) beauty – beautiful (full of beauty): әдемiлiк-әдемi
-able/ible:work – workable:жұмыс-жұмысты
–al:navy – naval,face – facial
–ive:sport – sportive