The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

The map of the Seven Wonders

The Pyramids belong to the
7 wonders because of the way they were made.
The tradition of building the pyramids started in ancient Egypt.
The Pyramids are one of the oldest structures that are still on the earth. Each block weighs as much as 5 elephants. And most of the Pyramids are 450 feet high!
The Pyramids of Giza are made for the dead because ancient people thought that the people that died would go to another life and if they gave them all of their important things the dead would help them and save them.
The Pyramids are very big triangular shaped structures that have four flat sides that come together at the tip of the Pyramid.
The Pyramids were used for the Kings tombs
(Pharaons are the same things as kings).
The Pyramids of Giza

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were a pyramid of brick and earth rising 5 levels high (3rd tallest of the Seven Wonders).
It had terraces raised one above the other, resting upon cube-shaped pillars.
Almost the whole structure was hollow
(пустой; полый) so even the biggest trees could be planted inside.
It was built for King Nebuchadnezzar II’s wife, who missed the green of her homeland, Persia.
[nebju׃kəd´nezə(r)]- Nebuchadnezzar
[ ´pə: ∫ə] - Persia
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon

История:
Вавилонский царь Навуходоносор II (605 - 562 г. до н. э.) для борьбы против главного врага - Ассирии, чьи войска дважды разрушали столицу государства Вавилон, заключил военный союз с царем Мидии, который был упрочен женитьбой Навуходоносора II на дочери мидийского царя Семирамиде.
В архитектурном плане Висячие Сады представляли собой пирамиду, состоявшую из четырех ярусов - платформ, их поддерживали колонны высотой до 25 м.
Чтобы предотвратить просачивание поливной воды, поверхность каждой платформы сначала покрывали слоем тростника, смешанного с асфальтом, затем двумя слоями кирпича, скрепленного гипсовым раствором, поверх всего укладывались свинцовые плиты. На них толстым ковром лежала плодородная земля, куда были высажены семена различных трав, цветов, кустарников, деревьев. Пирамида напоминала вечно цветущий зеленый холм.
В полости одной из колонн помещались трубы, по ним вода из Евфрата, насосами день и ночь подавалась на верхний ярус садов, откуда она, стекая ручейками и небольшими водопадами, орошала растения нижних ярусов.
Чудом казались журчание воды, тень и прохлада среди деревьев, вывезенных из далекой Мидии.

The third wonder of the world was The Temple of Artemis, located on the river Ephesus.
(in present-day Turkey).
It was made for the goddess Artemis. Artemis, also known as Diana, was the goddess of wild nature and hunting .
The temple was famous for its use of marble and for its size.
People said this temple was built by an architect named Theodorus (500 BC), however, it was rebuilt many times.
It contained 107 columns which were 12 m high and were made of marble.
The Temple of Artemis
The Temple of Artemis was gigantic. In fact, it was one of the largest temples the Greeks ever built.

The Temple of Zeus was finished around 456 BC in Olympia, Greece.
The statue of Zeus at Olympia was built by the famous Greek sculptor Phidias in 435 B.C.
The statue was built in honor of Greek god Zeus for the Olympic games.
This amazing structure was mostly made of ivory and gold, along with other valuable stones, such as ebony.
The statue was 40 feet tall!
Unfortunately, it was destroyed in a fire and little remains are available to see today.
The Temple of Zeus
The Statue of Zeus was the most famous statue of ancient times.

The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus was located on the Aegean sea in the city of Bodrum.
The mausoleum was made in 350 B.C. The height of the mausoleum was 45m (140 ft).
The structure of the mausoleum wasn't really beautiful but the decorations were what brought the beauaty. It had statues of people, lions, horses,and other animals.
On the top of the roof was a statue of a chariot pulled by four horses.
The mausoleum is special because it isn't dedicated to the Greek Gods.
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
The mausoleum is a tomb for a king.
For 16 centuries it stayed in perfect condition until an earthquake damaged the roof and colonnades.

There was a ruler, Hecatomnus, who was the father of a son and daughter. Mausolus, the son, and Artemisia, the daughter became husband and wife.
Hecatomnus died, leaving Mausolus and Artemisia as the next rulers.
In 353 BC Mausolus died. Queen Artemisia built a great tomb to show her love.
The tomb was so great because of its size and decorations that future tombs where named Mausoleums after King Mausolus.
The legend says:
In 377 BC, the city of Halicarnassus was off the coast of Asia Minor (southwestern Turkey).

Collosus of Rhodes was built on a small island on the Aegean Sea around 200 B.C.
This was not just any statue, it was the statue of Helios, the sun god of Rhodes.
The Colossus was 120 feet tall (that’s almost as tall as the Statue of Liberty).
It took 12 years to build the Colossus.
The statue of Helios was made of bronze and had iron bars inside, to support it and was hollow on the inside.
The Colossus looked just like a bronze man, and he stood over the entrance of the harbor in Rhodes.
The Colossus of Rhodes was destroyed by an earthquake in 224B.C.
Collosus of Rhodes

The seventh and last wonder of the world was The Pharos Lighthouse or The Lighthouse of Alexandria,
in Egypt.
This monument was 384 feet tall, was made of marble, and contained a mirror, which reflected the sun and could be viewed up to 35 miles away.
At night a beacon of fire (сигнальный огонь) was used to light the tower instead. Upon the very top of this tower, there was
a statue of Poseidon.
Sadly, the lighthouse was destroyed after a series of disastrous earthquakes;
it was the last wonder to disappear.
The Pharos Lighthouse or The Lighthouse of Alexandria

Remember please the countries where the Seven Wonders were built

Which of the Ancient Wonders is the oldest?
a.) The Lighthouse of Alexandria
b.) The Pyramids of Giza
c.) The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
2.Why were the Great Pyramids built?
a.) For the god Athena
b.) In honor of the gods
c.) For the pharaoh Khufu
What can you tell us about
this construction?

3. What present-day country is Babylon in?
a) Iran
b) Kuwait
c) Iraq
4. Who were the Hanging Gardens built for?
a) for King Nebuchadnezzar II
b) for King Nebuchadnezzar II’s wife
c) for Hecatomnus
5. Who built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon?
a) Queen Victoria
b) King Nebuchadnezzar II
c) Michaelangelo

7. What was the temple of Artemis used for?
a.) A marketplace and religious center
b.) A supermarket
c.) A school for scribes
6. Where was the temple of Artemis located?
a.) in present-day Turkey
b.) in present-day Iraq
c.) in present-day Pakistan

8. Who were the people mainly in charge of the building of the Tomb of King Mausollus?
a.) Mausollus
b.) Artemisia and Mausollus' wife
c.) Alexander the Great
9. Who was buried under the Mausoleum?
a) King Maussollos
b) King Henry IV
c) King Nebuchadnezzar II

10.When did Phidias build the Statue of Zeus?
a.) 564 AD
b.) 765 BC
c.) 470 BC
11. About how tall is the Statue of Zeus?
a.) 40 feet
b.) 40 meters
c.) 12 feet
12. Which of the six wonders destroyed was the last to disappear?
a.) Statue of Zeus
b.) Lighthouse of Alexandria
c.) Hanging Gardens of Babylon

13. How many years did it take to build the Colossus of Rhodes?
a.) 16 years
b.) 5 years
c.) 12 years
14. In what year did a strong earthquake damage the Colossus of Rhodes?
a.) 226 BC
b.) 429 AD
c.) 189 BC

15.) How was the Lighthouse of Alexandria eventually destroyed?
a) fire
b) earthquake
c) Dynamite
16.) What small island gave the city of
Alexandria a double Harbor?
a.) Rabbit Island
b.) Rhodes
c.) Pharos