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- 2. Translation Translation- is a transfer of meaning across cultures. More specifically, translation is the process and
- 3. The aim of translation The aim of translation: to produce the text or message in the
- 4. Basic assumptions This target text (TT, that is the translation) is not fully identical with ST
- 5. Basic assumptions The ideal translation should be accurate as to meaning and natural as to the
- 6. Object of the science As any observable phenomenon, translation can be the object of scientific study
- 7. Basic assumptions The ideal translation should be… Accurate: reproducing as exactly as possible the meaning of
- 8. Translation components Translation is an entity consisting of the interrelated components: 1) elements and structures of
- 9. Translation components 4) systems of the languages involved in translation; 5) conceptual content and organization of
- 10. Participants There are at least 3 participants involved in translation process: the sender (source), the translator
- 11. Participants
- 12. Phases of Translation Translation as an interlingual communicative act includes two phases:
- 13. Operations in the process of translation 1) the translator deduces the TL elements and rules of
- 14. The process of translation Three stages: a) analysis of the ST, situation and background info; b)
- 15. Aspects of translating process (TP) Psychologically viewed, the TP includes 2 mental processes – understanding and
- 16. Aspects of translating process (TP) Translation models. A model is a conventional representation of the translating
- 17. Aspects of translating process (TP) There are such models of translating process: 1) the situational model
- 18. Aspects of translating process (TP) 2) is based on the similarity of basic notions and nuclear
- 19. Aspects of translating process (TP) Situational model The process goes from the text in one language
- 20. Aspects of translating process (TP) “Manson walked quickly down the platform, searching eagerly for some signs
- 21. Aspects of translating process (TP) «Мэнсон быстро прошел по перрону, оглядываясь, не встречает ли его кто-нибудь».
- 22. Aspects of translating process (TP) Semantic-transformational model This model postulates the existence of the “deep” semantic
- 23. Aspects of translating process (TP) “John is the proud owner of the new car”. 1-st the
- 24. Aspects of translating process (TP) «У Джона (есть) новая машина, которой он очень гордится». The translator
- 25. Aspects of translating process (TP) “He is a poor sleeper”. An attributive group can’t be directly
- 26. Different types of operations performed by the translator: 1) the first group of operations (transformations) is
- 27. Types of operations performed by the translator 2). The second group of operations includes all types
- 28. Types of operations performed by the translator The equivalent with a more general meaning: I packed
- 29. Types of operations performed by the translator 3). The third group of translating procedures comprises all
- 30. Types of operations performed by the translator John took Mary by the hand.- Джон взял Мери
- 31. Norm of translation There are 5 normative requirements which compose the norm of translation: • norms
- 32. Translation difficulties There are 3 types of translation difficulties: peculiarities of language units semantics, discrepancies of
- 33. Methods of research in translation There are 4 types of comparative analysis used in the modern
- 34. Questions for the seminar: Topics for discussion: 1). What is the tr-ing process? What mental processes
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