STYLISTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION

STYLISTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION
Handling Stylistically-Marked Language Units
Handling Stylistic Devices

Handling stylistically-marked language units
In different ____________________the language ______ select words of different_______________.
The translator __________________the _________ status of the __________ text, by using the ____________of the same ______or, failing that,________ __________________________.

Handling stylistically-marked language units
The ____________________effect of the text is created with the help of ________ ________________________devices.
The speaker may ___________________he mentions in his own way thus giving his________________________________.
Such ___________________________give much ___________to the translator since their meaning is often__________________.

Handling stylistically-marked language units
Some _______become _______through ____________ and they may have ___________equivalents in TL,
e.g. true love —_____________, dead silence —______________, good old England -_________________________.
In most cases, however, the translator has to____________________________, which often requires an _____________of the broad context.

Handling stylistically-marked language units
____________________units may also be certain types of____________________.
________________may be _____as an example.
Another common type includes __________ indirect _________of various objects or “_____________________".
A _________________of paraphrases is a characteristic feature of the________________________.

Handling stylistically-marked language units
Some of the paraphrases are ___________ from such _______________as ________ or the _____and usually have __________ equivalents in Russian (Attic salt -_______ ______, the three sisters -___________, the Prince of Darkness -______________).
Others are _________________and are either ____________or ____________in translation:
John Bull —________, the three R's —__________________________, the Iron Duke -_______________________.

Handling stylistically-marked language units
A ____________of paraphrases are the names of_________, _________and other __________or ______________entities:
the Land of Cakes (_________), the Badger State (____________), the Empire City (____________).
As a rule, such paraphrases are not known to the ____________and they are __________by official names in the translation.

Handling stylistically-marked language units
Complicated __________________are caused by ST containing ____________ language units used to produce a_______ ________________.
The ST author may ___________his character's speech by means of _______ or _________________forms.
SL ____________________cannot be ______________in TT, nor can they be ___________by TL _________ forms.

Handling stylistically-marked language units
It would be _______________if a black American or a ________________spoke in the _________translation in the dialect, say, of the ___________________________ or western part of__________________.
Fortunately, the ___________________forms are mostly an _____________of the speaker's ______________or__________________, and they can be rendered into Russian by a _________employment of_____________, e.g.:

Handling stylistically-marked language units
He do look quiet, don't 'e? D'e know 'oo 'e is, Sir?
______________________________
_____________________________

Handling Stylistic Devices
Causes:
Different words may acquire ________________ lexical meanings which are ___________in the dictionaries in a certain _________(_________ meanings).
Transferred meaning _____________the ________________between the two types of __________________: dictionary and contextual.

Causes:
Stylistic devices are necessary when the ______________ from the __________________________is carried to a degree which causes an _______________________in the recognized _____________ (dictionary) meanings.

Causes:
One and the same _______________ may be used with________________, perform different _______________and have different meanings in the __________ system of any language.

Causes:
Stylistic devices in different languages are the________________ , but they _______________differently in languages.
This is the _________of stylistic transformations.

STYLISTIC devices
Stylistic Devices:
Metaphor: - Prolonged metaphor;
Metonymy: - Synecdoche;
- Metonymic epithet;
Antonomasia;
Alliteration.

STYLISTIC METHODS OF TRANSLATION
One should take into account that while translating there is_____________, partial ______________and __________________ of rendering_________________________.

Alliteration
Alliteration- is the ___________of the _______________________in two or more words.
It can be used for_________, logical _______________between the components.
e.g. Nothing befalls him that he can not transmute into a stanza, song or story.
___________________________________ ___________________________________.

Alliteration (functions)
The author may use alliteration for the following purposes:
To _________________and _________________________
(Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers.
_________________________ ___________________________);

Alliteration
to establish ____________________ between the components
(cold comfort –_______________; cold conditions –_______________);
to attract________________________
(Britain’s Biggest Bazaar –______________________________
_____________________________).

Alliteration
Very often it is not necessary to ____________________________ while translating:
e.g. Rolls on the Rock –______________ _________________;

STYLISTIC METHODS OF TRANSLATION
- Alliteration is often _______________ when used in ________________and ________________style, where the ______________function is the primary one:
E.g. Bar Barbarism in Bars –
________________________________.

Alliteration
Alliteration should be ______________when possible if the _________function is more important than the _______________one:
E.g. The word Papa gives the pretty form to the lips: potatoes, poultry, prunes and prisms, and all very good for the lips.
_________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________.

Metaphor
Metaphor is a stylistic device which consists in the ______________in a ___________________________ meaning based on the _________or ____________and is used in all __________styles.
e.g. hot money-__________________.
It is important to ___________________ when dealing with___________________.

Ways of rendering metaphor
In case it is impossible to___________, the metaphor should be then ____________or ________________ another ________________device.

Problems of conveying metaphors:
the difference in ___________________ related to some____________________.
e.g. black sheep-_________________, black frost-___________________
the metaphors those ______________ in the national______________
e.g. красна девица-_______________,
добрый молодец-____________

Problems of conveying metaphors
the metaphoric ______________which have the same _______for the both SL and TL but are___________________.
e.g. Bавилонское столпотворение- ____________________________
Дары данайцев-________________

Problems of conveying metaphors
Any _________in the metaphor can lead to ____________of the whole phrase
e.g. SPARKLER- Light up your life!
______________________ ______________________!

Problems of conveying metaphors
the metaphor in the process of translation can be ______________ metaphoric_________,________, etc.
e.g. a beast of a car-______________
an angel of a girl- ________________ ______________________________

Problems of conveying metaphors and simile
Metaphors and similes are _________ figures of speech.
Both metaphor and simile are ______that describe a _____________: the only difference between a metaphor and a simile is that a ________makes the _________ ______by using “_______" or “_____":
You are my sunshine (________) – Your eyes are like the sun (________).

Problems of conveying metaphors and simile
Ways of rendering metaphors and similes:
- by choosing ____________________ where the _______is preserved:
E.g. white as a sheet –________________________.
by finding _________________when the _______ of the SL phrase is ____________________ the different one:
E.g. old as the hills –__________________.

Problems of conveying metaphors and simile
by means of ___________________:
E.g. As busy as a bee –____________.
by means of _________________of translation:
E.g. As large as life – ______________

Problems of conveying metonymy
Metonymy- is ___________________of a ____________of one ___________ to another______________.
Metonymic ________________ of name is based upon the _____________________ of two objects.

Problems of conveying metonymy
e.g. Two men entered the room. The red was smiling, the black was upset.
_________________________ _________________________ _________________________.

Problems of conveying metonymy
This example contains the _____________ ____________is quite simple to translate since the ________and ___________expressions are the ______in the SL and TL.
Metonymy may be __________________with metaphor.
Both _________involve the _____________of one term for another.

Problems of conveying metonymy
While in ________this substitution is based on___________, in ___________the substitution is based on_______________.
___________example: The ship plowed through the sea (plowed instead of navigated).
___________example: The sails crossed the ocean (sails instead of ship with sails).

Problems of conveying metonymy
The most difficult to render are ______________based on the ____________between:
- the object and its ________ (_____________ epithet);
- the ________and its part (___________);
- the ___________ and ___________ names (___________________).

Ways of rendering metonymy
by means of ___________________of the _________name
(in case the _________metonymic word has _______________ nor _________ in the TL and is not known to the ______________ due to ______________ cultural traditions):

Ways of rendering metonymy
The _____________both in the means of __________________and the _______ to which it has ___________ in the SL and TL.
Different ______________________ of _______________expressions.
e.g. To buy some Kellog’s-
___________________________.

Ways of rendering metonymy
by means of _______________ transformations
(in case ____________________of the two languages are_________, and the __________ cannot be ________ equivalently in terms of_______________):
structural transformations and __________________ in the grammatical________

Ways of rendering metonymy
e.g. Very soon after words there was a concerned official’s face staring at me through the jagged hole in the glass of the kitchen door.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________.

Ways of rendering metonymy
by means of________________________
(in case the ____________________ of the metonymy is different in the ___________ and_____________________________):
______________________ transformations when the ____________________ of the ______________ expression do not _______________ in SL and TL

Ways of rendering metonymy
e.g. These wheels will drive you at your pleasure.
__________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________.

Ways of rendering metonymy
by choosing _______________ ________________________(in case there is a _____________ _______________between the ___________traditions of expressing individual __________of a certain object in the __________and target_____________):

Ways of rendering metonymy
_______________________________ due to __________ correspondence both in __________ and in ___________properties of the metonymic expressions
e.g. I am revolt of the stupidity of a country police.
________________________________
_________________________________.

Ways of rendering metonymy
by means of ________________ of the ____________ for metonymic transference
(in case the metonymic _____________ used in the SL does not ______________ in the TL in a_____________________):

Ways of rendering metonymy
E.g. The guards now change at Buckingham Palace to a Lennon and McCartney .
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________.

Ways of rendering synecdoche
Synecdoche- this ____________________ is realized in ________variants.
The ___________is naming the ____________ by mentioning ________of it.
e.g. Caroling lives with Jack under the same roof.
____________________________________
____________________________________.

Ways of rendering synecdoche
The second is using the name of the ____________________to denote a __________________of this object.
e.g. The hall applauded.
________________________.

Problems of conveying synecdoche
The means of it expression may often be_______________________________.
Sometimes it requires the ___________________ of the stylistic device
e.g. These wheels will drive you at your pleasure. “These wheels” ___________this car.
We cannot say “_______ ” because it will not correspond to________________________.

Problems of conveying synecdoche
“________________________
_________________________
________________________”.

Problems of conveying epithet
Metonymic ______________- on basis of _____________between the _________and of its ____________ or___________.
e.g.____________________________
______________________________. –
A girl in her full denim outfit nearly fell into the office.
The only way of translation is ______________the _________into the________, but at the same time part of SL _____________________information is lost.

Problems of conveying antonomasia
Antonomasia- is based upon the principle of _______________ of ______________with things which ________________them.
e.g. John is a real Romeo.
________________________.

Problems of conveying antonomasia
____________________________.
While translating ________the translator has to reconstruct the ________for the metonymic ___________ because the antonomasia is not ____________in Russian.
e.g. “Old Blue Eyes” for_____________.
“The King” for________________.

Ways of conveying stylistic devices
There are ______________ways of conveying stylistic devices:
If it is possible, ___________them;
Stylistic devices can be ______________ other______________;
Stylistic ________________(when it is impossible to _______________device in the text).