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The UK System of State and Government
The UK System of State and Government
The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy. A ‘parliamentary democracy’ means that members of the government are also members of one of the two Houses of Parliament and government is directly accountable to Parliament – not only on a day-to-day basis. A ‘constitutional monarchy’ meaning that a king or queen reigns, with limits to their power, alongside a governing body, Parliament. Monarchy The monarchy is the most ancient secular institution in the United Kingdom, with a continuous history stretching back over a thousand years. Queen Elizabeth II, who succeeded to the throne in 1952, is, in addition to being an integral part of the legislature, the heart of the judicial, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Crown and the temporal head of the established Church of England. The monarchy in the United Kingdom has evolved over the centuries from absolute personal authority to the present constitutional form by which the Queen reigns but does not rule. Her Majesty’s government governs in the name of the Queen who must act on the advice of the ministers. The Queen summons, prorogues (dismisses at the end of a session) and dissolves Parliament; she usually open new sessions of Parliament with a speech from the throne in which the major of government policies are outlined. These acts form part of the Royal Prerogative, defined as ‘the residue of discretionary or arbitrary authority, which at any given time is left in the hands of the Crown’. Prerogative rights are of legislative, executive and judicial character.
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