Morphological process. Lexicology

MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESS?
Morphological process is mean of changing a stem to adjust its meaning to fit its syntactic and communicational context

TWO WAYS OF MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESS
Concatenative :
putting morphemes together
Non-concatenative :
modifying internal structure of morphemes

MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESS SCHEME

COMPOUNDING
English shares with many languages the ability to create new words by combining old words .
Compounding can be analyzed through its constituents .

Open compounds : Compounds written as separate words e.g:
End zone ,high school .
Closed compounds :Compounds written as single words e.g :
Newspaper, goldfish ,highway
Hyphenated compounds : Compounds that are hyphenated .
E.g: Mother-in-law , second-rate

REDUPLICATION
This process can be classified according to the amount of form that is dublicated , weather complete or partial , and it the letter according to exactly which part

SEVERAL TYPES OF REDUPLICATION IN ENGLISH
Rhyming reduplication : hokey-pokey , razzle-dazzle, super-duper, boogie-woogie , teenie-weenie, walkie-talkie.
Exact reduplications (baby-talk-like): bye-bye, choo-choo, night-night, no-no, pee-pee , poo-poo.
Ablaut reduplications : bric-brac ,chit-chat , criss-cross , kitty-cat , knick-knack, pitter-patter .

VOWEL MODIFICATION
Verbs in English :
[I]-[oe] begin –began ,ring –rang ,sing-sang
[i:]-[ou] speak-spoke , steal-stole ,
[ai]-[au] bind-bound , find-found