Слайд 2TOPIC: Lancelet: characteristics, its importance in evolution. Phylogenesis of the phylum chordata
![TOPIC: Lancelet: characteristics, its importance in evolution. Phylogenesis of the phylum chordata](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/852320/slide-1.jpg)
excretory system. Developmental disordes of the excretory system in human
Слайд 3LANCELET
Lancelets: Translucent, Fish-shaped animals, small elongated marine invertebrates that resemble a fish
![LANCELET Lancelets: Translucent, Fish-shaped animals, small elongated marine invertebrates that resemble a](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/852320/slide-2.jpg)
but, lack jaws and obvious sense organs.
Ranging from the very small to the very large, from animals with shells to animals with fur, from those that fly to those that swim in the sea
Слайд 5CHARACTERISTIC OF LANCELET
At some time of its lifee cycle, a chordata
![CHARACTERISTIC OF LANCELET At some time of its lifee cycle, a chordata](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/852320/slide-4.jpg)
has a notochord, a dorsal hollow tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, endostyle/thyroid gland, and a post-anal tail.
They do not have a true brain, but the notochord extends into the head. They lack paired fins, jaw, sense organs, a heart and well defined brain.
Слайд 7LANCELET IMPORTANCE IN EVOLUTION
VERTEBRATES: Mmebers of of subphylum vertebrata.
Cephalochordates, commonly called amphioxus or lancelets,
![LANCELET IMPORTANCE IN EVOLUTION VERTEBRATES: Mmebers of of subphylum vertebrata. Cephalochordates, commonly](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/852320/slide-6.jpg)
are marine invertebrate chordates. Such comparisons are also providing important biological insights into the functional biology of cephalochordates and the evolutionary origin of developmental mechanisms that led to the emergence of the vertebrate body plan.
Another veterbrate characteristics is called cephalization
Evolution and development of the cartilaginous skull: from a lancelet towards a human face
Слайд 9What did Lancelets evolve?
The researchers are trying to reconstruct what happened at
![What did Lancelets evolve? The researchers are trying to reconstruct what happened](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/852320/slide-8.jpg)
the end of the Cambrian period 550 million years ago, when a creature similar to the lancelet evolved and diverged into three types of chordates: cephalocordates like the lancelet; urochordates like the sea squirt; and vertebrates like us.
Слайд 11Phylogenesis of the phylum chordata excretory system
Metabolic waste are excreted by segmentally
![Phylogenesis of the phylum chordata excretory system Metabolic waste are excreted by](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/852320/slide-10.jpg)
arranged, ciliated Protonephridia that open into the Right atrium.
For many chordates, the urinary system is a critical component of the excretory system. It is made up of organs such as the kidneys and bladder, structures such as a urethra or cloaca, and even arteries such as the aorta.
Слайд 12Developmental disordes of the excretory system in human
Major Disorders of Excretory SystemUremia.
![Developmental disordes of the excretory system in human Major Disorders of Excretory](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/852320/slide-11.jpg)
Under this condition, the urea accumulation is comparatively high. Renal Failure. Renal Calculi or Kidney Stones. Nephritis or Bright's Disease. Hypertension due to Renin Secretion. Renal Tabular Acidosis. Diabetes Insipidus. Oedema.