Physical mutagenic factors

A mutagen is any substance or agent that can cause a mutation , or change in the sequence or structure of dna.

MUTAGENIC FACTORS:
Chemical mutagenic factors – Base analogs
Physical mutagenic factors – Heat & radiations
Biological mutagenic factors- viruses, bacteria,transposons.

PHYSICAL MUTAGENS:
Physical mutagens include electromagnetic radiation, such as gamma rays, X rays, and UV light, and particle radiation, such as fast and thermal neutrons, beta and alpha particles.

PHYSICAL MUTAGENIC EFFECT:
Radiations:
Radiations are the Primary mutagenic agent reported in 1920 .UV rays, x-rays ,alpha rays,neutrons,and other ionizing and non ionizing radiations are mutagenic.
Radiation directly damages the dna or nucleotide structure,which could be either lethal or sub lethal.
EM wave is additionally one in every of the known mutagens that cause harmful or sub lethal mutation.
Not even the dna but also proteins & lipids Present in an exceeding Cell.
Rapidly dividing cells are a Chief target for ioinzing radiations like X-rays

Heat:
Heat is another Mutagen that provokes mutations in our dna. After we heat the dna , over a specific degree (>95°c),
The dna become denatured two single stranded dna generated from the dsDna .Also, extreme heat damageS dna and breaks the phosphodiester bonds Too.

QUESTIONS:
Q1: what you understand by the term corpuscular radiation?
Q2: on which level EM radiation effect human body?
Q3: what’s the major concern of adverse effects of exposure to non-ionizing EMR?
Q4: what’s are the effects produced by ionizing radiation on DNA?
Q5: what is the another Mutagen ( Other than ionising & non- ionising radiation) & how it effect DNA?