Information and communication technologies (lecture 6)

Data - information obtained by measurement, observation, logical or arithmetic operations and presented in a form suitable for permanent storage, transmission and (automated) processing.
Данные (data) – сведения, полученные путем измерения, наблюдения, логических или арифметических операций и представленные в форме, пригодной для постоянного хранения, передачи и (автоматизированной) обработки

Data analysis is one of the main areas in ICT.
.
Data analysis covers different methods in various fields of science, economics and other human activities/
Анализ данных это одна из основных областей в ИКТ. Анализ данных это исследование, прогнозирование, фильтрации, преобразования и моделирование данных с целью извлечения полезной информации и принятия решений. Анализ данных охватывает разные методы в различных областях науки, экономики и в других деятельности человека.

There are two forms of data analysis − Classification and Prediction:
Classification is an analysis that constructs categories and classifications from data;
Prediction is an analysis that predicts continuous functions.
For example, we can build a classification model based on the data received to classify bank loan applications as safe or risky. Based on this data, a forecasting model is built to predict the dollar spending of potential customers on computer equipment based on their income and occupation.
Based on the classification and Prediction of data, we can build data analysis models.
Например, мы можем построить модель классификации на основе полученных данных, чтобы классифицировать заявки на получение банковских кредитов как безопасные или рискованные. На основе этих данных строится модель прогнозирования для прогнозирования долларовых расходов потенциальных клиентов на компьютерное оборудование на основе их доходов и занятий.

Classification, Prediction of data is used in the information system for Creating databases and database objects for automated data processing and analysis.

Database management systems (DMS)
Database is stored on a computer and processed by special programs - DMS

MS Access - a database
management system
Database tabular
form - relational database
MS Access is a relational database
Columns - fields Rows - records

Field - the main elements of the database structure
Record constitutes information that
Field contains.
Types of data depend on the properties of the field.
We define by the property field which information can be stored and what can not be

The name
of field
The type
of field
The most important property of any field is the length of the field. The field length is determined in the symbols or bytes.
1 symbol = 2 bytes.
Fields have
three properties

Types of fields MS Access

Types of fields MS Access

Types of fields MS Access

Types of fields MS Access

KEY FIELD
КЛЮЧЕВОЕ ПОЛЕ
If we have to repeatedly enter some data, we can create a database in several related tables. To establish communication between tables using a key field.
It helps to records from one table to find records
clearly in another table.
It can only be a unique field.
 It is a field whose data cannot be repeated.
KEY FIELD
If you create
a database
about students
key field can be
for instance passport
or student ID

All data of one database is stored in
a single file
The file extension- Mdb.
This file contains the database objects
Database management system Microsoft Access

Tables are the basic objects of the database.
They contain all the data.
Queries are special structures are intended for data processing: browse, search, select the data using queries
Form is an object which we can use to enter new data into the database. And also we can use the form to view the data existing in the database.
Report is an object database, which we can use to analyze the data and print data in a specific format.
Macros are database objects that are used to group frequently performed operation in the database. We can assign a macro operation buttons or keys on the keyboard.
Modules are software routines written in Visual Basic
MS Access main objects