Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton is an English physicist and mathematician widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time. Newton's contributions to science are wide and unrepeatable, and the derived laws are still taught in schools as the basis of scientific understanding. His genius is always mentioned along with a funny story - supposedly, Newton discovered the force of gravity thanks to an apple that fell from a tree on his head. Whether or not the apple story is true, Newton also validated the heliocentric model of the cosmos, built the first telescope, formulated an empirical law of cooling, and studied the speed of sound. As a mathematician, Newton also made a lot of discoveries that influenced the further development of mankind.

Scientist Albert Einstein became famous for his scientific work, which allowed him to become one of the founders of theoretical physics. One of his most famous works is general and special relativity.
Albert Einstein said that he discovered his theory of relativity quite by accident. Once he noticed that a car moving relative to another car at the same speed and in the same direction remains stationary. These 2 cars, moving relative to the Earth and other objects on it, are at rest relative to each other.

Marie Sklodowska-Curie was the world's first medical physicist. At that time, Marie herself did not know this either. She was the first researcher to introduce the principles of physics into medicine, in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This interweaving of medicine and physics led to the emergence of a branch of science that is today called medical physics.
It was the observations of the properties of uranium and thorium by Marie Sklodowska-Curie that led to the discovery of radioactivity and two new radioactive elements: polonium (named after Marie's homeland, Poland) and radium.
In 1903, Marie and her husband Pierre Curie received the Nobel Prize in Physics. Later, Marie Curie was awarded her own Nobel Prize - for the discovery of polonium and radium. Thus, she became not only the first woman to receive this prestigious award, but also the first scientist to receive the award in two different fields.

Galileo Galilei is best known for his achievements in astronomy. An Italian physicist, astronomer, mathematician and philosopher, he improved the telescope and made important astronomical observations, including the confirmation of the phases of Venus and the discovery of Jupiter's moons. Furious support for heliocentrism led to the persecution of the scientist, Galileo was even subjected to house arrest. During this time he wrote ‘The Two New Sciences’, thanks to which he was called the “Father of Modern Physics”.

When Ada Lovelace turned 17, she met the super-genius inventor for that time, Charles Babbage, and this acquaintance eventually made her famous.
At that time, Babbage was working on his unique mechanical calculating machine, which he called "Difference Machine No. 1". After 100 years, a similar invention was called a computer. In 1843, Ada Lovelace published the world's first work on computer science. She described an algorithm for calculating Bernoulli numbers on Babbage's analytical engine. It is believed that this is how Ada wrote the world's first computer program and coined the terms "cycle" and "work cell". It was thanks to this work that Ada received the title of the first programmer in history.

The famous Swedish natural scientist, physician and traveler, Karl Linnaeus, was a very observant and inquisitive person. Studying and organizing various types of plants, he noticed that flowers have the ability to "determine the time" and each species has its own time interval for opening and closing.
Based on this, he decided to create the first flower clock. There were no hands in these watches, and their dial was divided into sectors, in each of which flowers of a certain type were planted, opening up in the time period to which the sector corresponded. The accuracy of the clock invented by Linnaeus was quite high - the error was about 25 minutes. The only drawback of this idea can be considered only that the clock works only on sunny days, because in cloudy weather the flowers hardly open their buds.