Ecological characteristics of population of Europe

 Population density (in agriculture : standing stock and standing crop) is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume; it is a quantity of type number density. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans. It is a key geographic term.
Population Density

Population Density of Europe
The current population of Europe is 747,608,577
The total land area is 22,134,900 Km2 (8,546,329 sq. miles)
The population density in Europe is 34 per Km2 (87 people per mi2).

POPULATION GROWTH
 The population growth rate is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period as a fraction of the initial population. Global human population growth amounts to around 75 million annually, or 1.1% per year.

POPULATION GROWTH OF EUROPE
Its population is estimated at 738 million, which accounts for 11% of the world's population.
The continent is currently growing at a rate of 0.3%.
Europe has been in a decline for some time and its population is aging rapidly in most countries.

BIRTH RATE OR NATALITY
 The birth rate (technically, births/population rate) is the total number of live births per 1,000 of a population in a year.

DEATH RATE OR MORTALITY
 Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.

Life Expectancy in Europe
BOTH SEXES
79.1 years
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
FEMALES
82.3 years
(life expectancy at birth, females)
MALES
75.9 years
(life expectancy at birth, males)

Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Europe
INFANT MORTALITY :
3.4
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
DEATHS UNDER AGE 5 :
4.2
(per 1,000 live births)

GENDER RATIO
 The gender ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. In the majority of species, this is 1:1, the reasons for which are described in Fisher's principle. Some eusocial wasps, such as the Polistes fuscatus and the Polistes exclamans, seem to defy this ratio at times.

Fertility in Europe
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration.
A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline

PATTERN OF DISTRIBUTION

AGE DISTRIBUTION
There are three types of age distribution methods:
Pyramid Shaped
Bell Shaped
Urn Shaped

Pyramid shaped
Pyramid Shaped Age Distribution of Population of China and India

Bell Shaped
Bell Shaped Age Distribution of Population

Urn Shaped

Immigration
 Immigration is the movement of people into a destination country to which they are not native or do not possess its citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to take-up employment as a migrant worker or temporarily as a foreign worker.
Immigration means the movement of people to a country.

Emigration
 Emigration is the act of leaving one's native country with the intent to settle elsewhere. Conversely, immigration describes the movement of persons into one country from another. Both are acts of migration across national boundaries.
Emigration means
m country.

Positive/Negative Growth Rate
A Positive growth rate indicates that the population is increasing
Negative growth rate indicates that the population is decreasing.

Zero Growth
Zero population growth, sometimes abbreviated ZPG (also called the replacement level of fertility), is a condition of demographic balance where the number of people in a specified population neither grows nor declines, considered as a social aim by some.
According to some, zero population growth is the ideal towards which countries and the whole world should aspire in the interests of accomplishing long-term environmental sustainability.
What it means by ‘the number of people neither grows nor declines’ is that births plus in-migrants equal deaths plus out-migrants.

Zero Population Growth
Zero Population Growth Graph