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Overview Background: Price Knowledge/Reference Price/Price-Quality Perception/Price Elasticity/Sales Promotion Key element of the marketing mix Only element of the mix to earn revenue Others create costs Pricing signals value Many prospects are price limited Export Pricing Pricing Strategy Price Harmonisation Transfer Price Dumping/Parallel Imports Incoterms Pricing Discretion Price can be set anywhere in this range

Signposts Selecting Foreign Markets Market Entry Decision Market Entry Alternatives Bases for International Market Segmentation Strategic Alliances Critical Questions for a Product-Market Profile: The 9 W´s 1. Who buys our product? 2. Who does not buy our product? 3. What need or function does our product serve? 4. What problem does our product solve? 5. What are customers currently buying to satisfy the need and/or solve the problem for which our product is targeted? 6. What price are they paying for the products they are currently buying? 7. When is our product purchased? 8. Where is our product purchased? 9. Why is our product purchased?

Эра глобализации Глобализация – процесс социальной, политической, экономической, культурной и технологической интеграции стран по всему миру Политические изменения, конец «Холодной войны», (страны «первого», «второго» и «третьего» мира) Расширение мировых рынков Рынки развивающихся стран, страны BRICS Изменения в технологиях (энергетика, IT, добыча полезных ископаемых и т.д. ) Проявляется в повышении уровня торговли, движения капитала и миграции Насколько нова концепция глобализации? Есть свидетельства, что торговля между поселениями существовала еще в 2000 – 3000 гг. до н.э. Записи от 19 века до н.э. свидетельствуют о существовании Ассирийской торговой колонии в Канеше ( Kanesh) в Каппадочии (Cappadocia) Корабль из Докоса (Dokos) - самый старый из известных поднятых со дна – относится к 2700-2200 гг до н.э. Корабль перевозил глиняные сосуды, которые были сделаны еще до изобретения гончарного круга

Lecture 6 Globalization and Localization Monday, October 13, 2014 FORCES FOR GLOBAL INTEGRATION Economies of Scale Economies of Scope Factor Costs Free Trade Global Competitors

International Words A word that is used in several languages and have the same or similar meaning. Often borrowed from one language. Is especially common in science, technology, politics, sports, food, and abstract notions Examples Radio Computer Physics Revolution Mango Chocolate Coffee Absurd Football Чай Презентация Виноград Христос Перец Персик Стекло Реалистичный Рим

Ali G interview with James Baker on international relations: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6_BU9El33k 1280 BCE: one of the first international treaties in history Treaty between Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses II and King of the Hittites Hattushilish III (“witnessed by the thousand gods, by the male gods and the female gods”): “ There shall be no hostilities between them forever. The great chief of the Hittites shall not pass over into the land of Egypt, forever, to take anything therefrom; Ramses, the great chief of Egypt, shall not pass over into the land of the Hittites to take anything therefrom, forever…

General International Relations Debates First rule of IR debates: It depends. Precedent is useful but not decisive. e.g. Rwanda for intervention, Iraq for non-intervention. Evidence that is important: UN Charter, UN declaration of human rights, Just War Theory Contemporary debates (lots) – inc. humanitarian intervention, secession, regionalism, Israel/Palestine Intervention Debates THW intervene militarily in country X Fundamentally depends upon specific case: e.g. Syria/Libya, although debates from principle can still win. Prop: model must fulfil 6 criteria: just cause, legitimate authority, right intention, last resort, proportional means and reasonable prospects. Analogous explanation useful

Course Agenda Session 1. International Marketing Concept Session 2. International Marketing Environment Session 3. Foreign Market Entry Strategies Session 4. Portfolio Strategies Session 5. Product Decisions Session 6. Pricing Decisions Session 7. Promotional Decisions Session 8. Distribution decisions Session 9. Marketing-Mix: International Practice Session 10. Marketing Research and International Marketing Plan Session 1. International Marketing Concept Marketing - the process of creating, distributing, promoting, and pricing goods, services, and ideas to facilitate satisfying exchange relationships in a dynamic environment Marketing – winning and “locking-in” customers

PLAN FOR THE DAY Part 1: Discuss the different types of resources and the nature of firm capabilities Relate resources and capabilities to the value chain Part 2: Barney’s VRIO framework for analyzing resources and capabilities’ potential for improving firm performance Part 3: Domestic vs International capabilities To offshore or not offshore PART 1: RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES AND THE VALUE CHAIN

Importance of International Law International law: Defines the very existence of “states”; Governs international agreements; Provides rules for the establishment and operation of international organizations; Provides the framework for diplomatic and consular relations; Sets forth rules of the international dispute settlement; Governs individual human rights; Governs the law of armed conflict; Regulates the use of the air, land, sea and other global resources, as well as the protection of the global environment; and Sets forth rules for the operation of international trade. Major Sources of International Law International Treaties; International Custom; The general principles of law recognized by civilized nations.

Plan: Structure of the Market Types of Instruments Bonds credit ratings Eurobond market practice http://www.eurobonds.info/

Research Project (practical situation) Goal definition: primary(?) information collecting about something Type and method definition: exploratory research; survey of literature; focus groups; key informatant survey; selected case study; expert judgments (evaluation or brainstorming). Data collecting instrument developing Data collection Data processing Conclusion making Reporting TASK: Develop requirements specification for research Research Project (practical situation) Goal definition: primary information collecting about segment profile, consumer behavior, promotion (ad) methods… Type and method definition: exploratory research; survey of literature; focus groups; key informatant survey; selected case study; expert judgments (evaluation or brainstorming). Data collecting instrument developing: problems to discuss, questions to solve; result: answer or where to find answer. Data collection Data processing Conclusion making Reporting

Plan What is bribery? Objective aspect Subjective aspect Qualifying features Bribery When the official is offered material reward to overlook actions made, by a person in question

rug vase

Norway   Norway is located in northern Europe. Its capital is the city of Oslo. This is the ancient homeland of the Vikings, and today one of the most prosperous countries in the world. The Nobel Prize, Trolls, Black Metal, Fjords, Forest Farm.

'Dreamt' is the only English word that ends in the letters 'mt'. dreamt There are only four words in the English language which end in 'dous': tremendous, horrendous, stupendous, and hazardous. 'dous'

William I, usually known as William the Conqueror was the first Norman King, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. As part of his efforts to secure England, William ordered many castles, keeps and mottes built – among them the central keep of the Tower of London, the White Tower. The early castles were simple earth and timber constructions, later replaced with stone structures. The Tower of London was built after the Battle of Hastings in 1066. It served as a castle, a prison, an armoury, a treasury, an observatory, a menagerie and a museum. Even kings and queens were imprisoned in the Tower. Some were executed and some were murdered: Queen Anne Boleyn the second wife and the fifth wife Catherine Howard of Henry VIII were beheaded in the Tower People often see Ann’s ghost walking around the Tower with her head under her arm.

Britain has not always been an island. Until the last ice age it was connected to the mainland, but after cooling, the temperature has risen so much that melted snow and ice flooded land and formed the North Sea and the English Channel. Britain finally became an island to the year 5000 BC. Stonehenge - one of the attractions that have been preserved in the UK since 2400 BC. This is a great circle of huge stones that stand on one another in the form of the letter "P". The purpose of this construction is still unknown.

Interest Rates The price paid for the use of money Many different interest rates Speak as if only one interest rate Determined by the money supply and money demand LO1 33- Demand for Money Why hold money? Transactions demand, Dt Determined by nominal GDP Independent of the interest rate Asset demand, Da Money as a store of value Varies inversely with the interest rate Total money demand, Dm LO1 33-

1. Going to/planning to Конструкция: to be + going to/planning to Мы используем going to, чтобы сказать о том, что мы намереваемся сделать в будущем. Пр: I’m going to be a famous actor. Are you going to see him again? Мы используем planning to, когда мы уже тщательно продумали свои планы и решили как их реализовать. Пр: What are you planning to say at the meeting? I’m planning to leave this company next year.

Intellectual property (IP) rights are legally) rights are legally recognized exclusive rights) rights are legally recognized exclusive rights to creations of the mind. Under intellectual property laws, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets) rights are legally recognized exclusive rights to creations of the mind. Under intellectual property laws, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright) rights are legally recognized exclusive rights to creations of the mind. Under intellectual property laws, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright, trademarks) rights are legally recognized exclusive rights to creations of the mind. Under intellectual property laws, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright, trademarks, patents) rights are legally recognized exclusive rights to creations of the mind. Under intellectual property laws, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights) rights are legally recognized exclusive rights to creations of the mind. Under intellectual property laws, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, trade dress) rights are legally recognized exclusive rights to creations of the mind. Under intellectual property laws, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, trade dress, and in some jurisdictionstrade secrets. Although many of the legal principles governing intellectual property rights have evolved over centuries, it was not until the 19th century that the term intellectual property began to be used, and not until the late 20th century that it became commonplace in the majority of the world.  The British Statute of Anne The British Statute of Anne (1710) and the Statute of Monopolies The British Statute of Anne (1710) and the Statute of Monopolies (1624) are now seen as the origins of copyright The British Statute of Anne (1710) and the Statute of Monopolies (1624) are now seen as the origins of copyright and patent law respectively.

Этапы Intel ISEF в России «Юниор», г. Москва «Балтийский научно-инженерный конкурс», г. Санкт-Петербург «РОСТ», г. Нижний Новгород «Шаг в будущее», г. Москва «Intel – Династия-Авангард», г. Москва «Ученые будущего», г. Москва Юниор Секции: Математика Физика и астрономия Биология и экология Информатика Химия Финал: февраль, г. Москва Организаторы: НИЯУ МИФИ, РосАтом Аффилирован с 1998 г.

Фигура. Мера, диаметр фигуры. Ранг дробления Под фигурой будем понимать один из следующих геометрических объектов: I. [a,b] - отрезок Определение 1. II. L - дуга кривой III. D – часть плоскости V. T – часть тела Определение 2.

International Money and Finance Reasons to study global finance. Why IM&F studies are important: They give an overview of the fastest growing sector of global economy; They present key solutions vs. major global challenges; They give general understanding of the global trends (both in economy and politics) driven by changes in finance (e.g., Great Recession) International Money and Finance IM&F Development The Gold Standard Stage 1 Paris Conference of 1867 Main GS principals: Major type of international money – gold coins Floating exchange rates near “golden points” Compulsory exchange of paper and other types of money into gold Mutual assistance of member-countries WW I (1914-18)