Introducsion to management

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Learning Outcomes
Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.
1.1 Who Are Managers?
Explain how managers differ from non-managerial employees.
Describe how to classify managers in organizations.
1.2 What Is Management?
• Define management.
• Explain why efficiency and effectiveness are important to management.

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Learning Outcomes
1.3 What Do Managers Do?
Describe the four functions of management.
Explain Mintzberg’s managerial roles.
Describe Katz’s three essential managerial skills and how the importance of these skills changes depending on managerial level.
Discuss the changes that are impacting manager’s jobs.
Explain why customer service and innovation are important to the manager’s job.

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Learning Outcomes
1.4 What Is An Organization?
Explain the characteristics of an organization.
Describe how today’s organizations are structured.
1.5 Why Study Management?
Discuss why it’s important to understand management.
Explain the universality of management concept.
Describe the rewards and challenges of being a manager.

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Who Are Managers?
Manager
Someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.

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Classifying Managers
First-line Managers
Individuals who manage the work of non-managerial employees.
Middle Managers
Individuals who manage the work of first-line managers.
Top Managers
Individuals who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire organization.

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Exhibit 1–2 Managerial Levels

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What Is Management?
Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.

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What Is Management?
Managerial Concerns
Efficiency
“Doing things right”
Getting the most output for the least inputs
Effectiveness
“Doing the right things”
Attaining organizational goals

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Exhibit 1–3 Effectiveness and Efficiency in Management

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What Managers Do?
Three Approaches to Defining What Managers Do.
Functions they perform.
Roles they play.
Skills they need.

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What Managers Do?
Functions Manager’s Perform
Planning
Defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve goals, developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
Organizing
Arranging and structuring work to accomplish organizational goals.
Leading
Working with and through people to accomplish goals.
Controlling
Monitoring, comparing, and correcting work.

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Exhibit 1–4 Management Functions

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What Managers Do?
Roles Manager’s Play
Roles are specific actions or behaviors expected of a manager.
Mintzberg identified 10 roles grouped around interpersonal relationships, the transfer of information, and decision making.

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What Managers Do?
Management Roles (Mintzberg)
Interpersonal roles
Figurehead, leader, liaison
Informational roles
Monitor, disseminator, spokesperson
Decisional roles
Entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator

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What Managers Do (Mintzberg)
Actions
thoughtful thinking
practical doing

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Interpersonal Roles
• Figurehead
• Leader
• Liaison
Informational Roles
• Monitor
• Disseminator
• Spokesperson
Decisional Roles
• Entrepreneur
• Disturbance handler
• Resource allocator
• Negotiator
Exhibit 1.5 Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles
Adapted from Mintzberg, Henry,
The Nature of Managerial Work,
1st Edition, © 1980, pp. 93–94..

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What Managers Do?
Skills Managers Need
Technical skills
Knowledge and proficiency in a specific field
Human skills
The ability to work well with other people
Conceptual skills
The ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and complex situations concerning the organization

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Exhibit 1–6 Skills Needed at Different Management Levels

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How The Manager’s Job Is Changing
The Increasing Importance of Customers
Customers: the reason that organizations exist
Managing customer relationships is the responsibility of all managers and employees.
Consistent high quality customer service is essential for survival.
Innovation
Doing things differently, exploring new territory, and taking risks
Managers should encourage employees to be aware of and act on opportunities for innovation.

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Exhibit 1–8
Changes Affecting a Manager’s Job

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What Is An Organization?
An Organization Defined
A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose (that individuals independently could not accomplish alone).
Common Characteristics of Organizations
Have a distinct purpose (goal)
Composed of people
Have a deliberate structure

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Exhibit 1–9 Characteristics of Organizations

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Why Study Management?
The Value of Studying Management
The universality of management
Good management is needed in all organizations.
The reality of work
Employees either manage or are managed.
Rewards and challenges of being a manager
Management offers challenging, exciting and creative opportunities for meaningful and fulfilling work.
Successful managers receive significant monetary rewards for their efforts.

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Exhibit 1–10 Universal Need for Management

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Exhibit 1–11 Rewards and Challenges of Being A Manager