moliya

Moliyaning mohiyati va funksiyalari
Guruh: I-84
Olimbekov Husniddin

Reja:

What is a currency?
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Currency of the Republic of Uzbekistan (national currency) means the monetary unit of the Republic of Uzbekistan (soum).
Foreign currency means banknotes which are authorized medium of circulation and a legal tender of cash payment in the territory of a foreign state (group of foreign states), and also banknotes which are withdrawn or those to be withdrawn from circulation with subsequent exchange, as well as funds in bank accounts and deposits in monetary units of foreign states (group of foreign states) or in international monetary or settlement units.

What is exchange rate?
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An exchange rate for operations on the purchase and sale of foreign currency in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be determined on contractual base, proceeding from supply of and demand for foreign currency.
Upon determination of the exchange rate of the currency of the Republic of Uzbekistan against foreign currency, exclusively market mechanisms shall be used.
The Central Bank shall provide for the creation of conditions for the determination of the exchange rate upon establishment of the procedure for purchase and sale of foreign currency, proceeding from the demand for foreign currency and its supply.
The Central Bank shall regularly set the exchange rate for the purposes of accounting, statistical and other reporting on currency operations, as well as for the calculation of customs and other mandatory payments in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

1. Essence of currencies and currency operations
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What are currency valuables?
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Currency valuables mean foreign currency, securities and payment documents with face value expressed in foreign currency, securities without face value which are issued by nonresidents, and refined gold in bullion.

What are currency operations?
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Currency operations mean operations (transactions) which are connected with assignment or transfer of ownership and other rights to currency valuables, use of currency valuables as legal tender, and also carriage, mailing and transfer in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as carriage, mailing and transfer out of the Republic of Uzbekistan, of currency valuables, operations in the currency of the Republic of Uzbekistan between residents and non-residents.

Classification of currency operations
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Currency operations shall be divided into domestic and international (cross-border) operations.
Domestic currency operations shall be deemed transactions which are conducted in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
International (cross-border) currency operations shall be divided into current international operations and capital movement (capital transfers) operations.

Current international operations
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Current international operations shall include:
all payments payable in connection with the conduct of foreign trade, other current activities, which include services (works);
payments payable in the form of interest and other income, including on bank deposits, loans, leasing, as well as in the form of net income from other investments;
loan repayment, given that the amount of each loan repayment installment does not exceed the sum that equals to two times the amount of part of debt received, which is calculated as the ratio of the debt to the number of periods of its repayment as per the loan agreement;
non-trade transfers.

Examples of non-trade transfers
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The following operations shall be deemed non-trade transfers:
transfers between physical persons in the amount of up to the equivalent of one hundred million soums;
payment for goods (services, works) for personal needs;
payment of salaries, scholarships, pensions, alimony;
payment of expenses related to the sending of employees to business trips outside the Republic of Uzbekistan;
payment for education, medical treatment and tourism;
and others.

Capital movement operations
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All international (cross-border) currency operations, which are not classified as current international operations, shall be deemed capital movement operations, including:
implementation of investment activities, which include working capital replenishments by residents of their branches situated outside the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
receiving and granting of credits (loans), the implementation of leasing operations;
purchase and sale of real estate;
attraction from foreign countries and placement of fund resources to accounts and deposits in foreign countries;
acquisition or full sale of the exclusive right to intellectual property.

Restrictions on currency operations
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The Central Bank may impose restrictions on currency operations:
with the purpose to counter the legalization of proceeds from crime, the financing of terrorism and the financing of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction;
in cases of threats to the sustainability of the balance of payments with observance of the obligations under the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund.
The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in coordination with the Central Bank, may impose restrictions on currency operations in the event of a threat to economic security.
The time limit of the restrictions may not exceed one year from the date of introduction. Upon expiry of the specified time limit, the restrictions shall be deemed to be canceled. The restrictions may be cancelled in whole or in part ahead of time.

2. Foreign currency as financial instrument
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Foreign currency as a special financial instrument. Approach 1. Purchase of currency for current needs (no investment)

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Foreign currency as a special financial instrument. Approach 2. Purchase of currency for investment

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Investments in other foreign currencies

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Rates of return on investment in foreign currencies

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https://www.norma.uz/rate_dinamic#

https://cbu.uz/oz/
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https://cbu.uz/oz/
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https://cbu.uz/oz/arkhiv-kursov-valyut/
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Excel file with exchange rate dynamic
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Rates of return on investment in foreign currencies. Make calculations!

Copyright © Ye. Akhunova, 2022
Rates of return on investment in foreign currencies. Make calculations!