More facts about the use of articles

Articles with geographical names.
The definite article is used with the names of:

Channels: the English Channel, the Bristol Channel

Canals: the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal

Straits: the Strait of Dover, the Bosporus, the Bering Strait

Falls:the Niagara Falls, the Victoria Falls

Deserts: the Kara-Kum, the Sahara

Mountain chains: the Alps, the Andes, the Rocky Mountains (the Rockies), the Appalachian Mountains (the Appalachians)

Groups of islands: the Philippine Islands (the Philippines), the Bermuda Islands (the Bermudas)

The definite articles is used if a geographical name includes the so-called «of-phrase»: the city of London, the Gulf of Mexico, the Bay of Bengal, the Isle of White.

No article is used with the names of:

Peninsulas: Cornwall, Kamchatka.
But if the word peninsula itself is included into the name, the definite article is used. Cf.: the Balkan Peninsula, the Kola peninsula.

Separate mountain peaks: Elbrus, Everest

Volcanoes: Vesuvius (Mount Vesuvius)

Separate islands: Cuba, Malta, Long Island

Articles with place names.
The definite article is usually used before the names of:

Hotels: the Hilton Hotel, the Carlton Hotel

Restaurants/pubs: the Bombay Restaurant, the Swan (pub), the Peking Duck (restaurant)

Theatres/cinemas: the Bolshoi Theatre, the Odeon, the Forum (cinema)

Concert halls: the Royal Albert Hall

Museums: the Pushkin Fine Arts Museum

Galleries: the National Gallery, the Hermitage, the Louvre

Banks: the Russian Trade and Industry Bank

But if the restaurants, hotels etc. are named after the people who started them, no article is used. Such names end in s or `s:
Restaurants: Maxim`s, MacDonald`s, Luigi `s Italian Restaurant
Hotels: Claridge`s

The same is true about the names of shops and banks:
Shops: Harrods, Selfridges, Harrison`s
Banks: Lloyd Bank, Barclay Bank

The definite article is used if a place name includes the so-called «of-phrase»: the Bank of England, the Tower of London, the Museum of Modern Art.

No article is used with the names of:

Railway stations: Victoria Station, Paddington Station

Airports: Heathrow, Gatwick, Vnukovo

Roads, avenues: Broadway, 42nd avenue, King`s Road

Bridges: Bank Bridge, Kazan Bridge. BUT: the Golden Gate Bridge

Universities: Moscow University, Cambridge (University)

Parks: Gorky Park, Hyde Park

Churches/cathedrals: St. Paul`s Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, St. John`s Church

Palaces/castles: Buckingham Palace, Winter Palace, Edinburgh Castle. BUT: the White House, the Royal Palace