Phraseology

Phraseological units can be divided into three groups:
1.Phraseological fusion
2.Phraseological unit
3.Phraseological combination

3 types of lexical combinability of words:
1). Free combination
Grammatical properties of words are the main factor of their combinability.
Ex.: I’m talking to you. You are writing.
Free combinations permit substitution of any of its elements without semantic change of the other element.

2). Collocations.
Ex.: to commit a murder
Bread & butter
Dark night
Blue sky Bright day
They are the habitual associations of a word in a language with other particular words. Speakers become accustomed to such collocations.
Very often they are related to the referential & situational meaning of words.
Sometimes there are collocations, which are removed from the reference to extra-linguistic reality.
(collocations involving, colour words)
Ex.: to be green with jealousy
Red revolution

3). Idioms
Idioms are also collocations, because they consist of several words that tend to be used together, but the difference – we can’t guess the meaning of the whole idiom from the meanings of its parts.
This criterion is called the degree of semantic isolation.
In different types of idioms – it is different.
Ex.: to cry a blue murder = to complain loudly

The object of the research was the phraseology and idiomatic units in English. The greatest interest was in
"biblical“ , "shekspirizms“ , "delicious” idioms.

Sources of idioms:
1. from our everyday life
Ex.: to be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth
to sail under false colour (прятать истинное лицо)
to loose track of smb (потерять кого-либо из виду, давно не видеть)
a leopard can(’t) change its spots
2. from the Bible
Ex.: black sheep, lost sheep (заблудшая овца)
To cast pearls before swine (метать бисер перед свиньями)
3. World literature
Ex.: to fight against Windmills
an ugly duckling (Danish) – гадкий утенок
4. different languages
Ex.: to lose face (Chinese)
“The course of true love has never run smooth” Shakespeare “The 12th night”
“The course of true reforms has never run smooth in Russia” – “the Times”
5. from history
Ex.: to cross the Rubicon
Labours of Hercules
To bell the cat

Biblical
whatever a man sows, that shall he reap - You reap what you sow, rejected an archaic form of the verb to sow ( whatever a man soweth, that shall he reap)
To worship the golden calf - above all appreciate the wealth, money.
To bear one's cross - to carry the cross

“Shekspirizmys “
The better part of valour is discretion - one of the ornaments of bravery - modesty exists in modern English with a modified word order: discretion is the better part of valour
Buy golden opinions - deserve a favorable opinion of yourse lf,
wow buy instead of verbs in modern language used verb win.

“Delicious idioms."
Fruit
As easy as apple pie - very easy.The test that I wrote yesterday was as easy as apple pie.
Vegetables
Hot potato- a question or argument that is controversial and difficult to settle. The issue of building the nuclear power plant is a hot potato for the town council.
Cooking
Too many cooks (spoil the broth) - .something that you say which means that if too many people try to work on the same piece of work, they will spoil it There were so many people working on the same project, no one knew what anyone else was doing. I think it was a case of too many cooks.