Selected styles of residential architecture

Development of
Architectural Styles
Influences
Climate
Available materials
Building techniques of time period
Styles
Few structures exemplify one particular style
Categorized by most significant features
Transitions
Between time periods
Geographical origin

Development of
Architectural Styles
Significant developments
Post and lintel construction
Arch
Vault
Dome

Development of
Architectural Styles
Influences on early American architecture
European styles
Basis for development of American styles
England, France, Spain, Italy
Most significant influences

Development of
Architectural Styles
Structural influences
Available materials
Climate
Settlers’ backgrounds
Origin of style names
Geographical region
Shape of structure
Time period

Elements of Design - Line
Sense of direction and movement
Relates structure to environment
Curved lines soften appearance
Horizontal lines minimize height & maximize width
Vertical lines create illusion of height & strength
Diagonal lines add sense of transition

Elements of Design - Form
Rectangles, squares, circles, ovals, ellipses
Dictate function
Accent specific features

Elements of Design - Colour
Distinguishes between exterior material & accent shapes
Terms
Hue
Typically considered the colour
Value
Darkening or lightening of hue
Intensity
Brightness of a colour

Elements of Design - Texture
Roughness(шероховатость) or smoothness(гладк.) of a surface
Rough surfaces
Feeling of strength & security
Smooth surfaces
Illusion of increased height
Reflects light & seems brighter

Elements of Design - Rhythm
Repetitive element(повт.элемент) leads the eye through design
Created with gradual(постепенным) change
Materials
Shape
Colour

Elements of Design - Balance
Relationship between areas of structure and an imaginary center line
Formal balance is symmetrical
Informal balance is non-symmetrical

Elements of Design – Proportion
Relates to size & balance
Affects relationship between structure and environment
Exterior and interior considerations(разработки)

Elements of Design - Unity
Relates to rhythm, balance, proportion
Ties structure together with common design
“Tackedon” («приклеивание; приплетение») features should be avoided

Floor Plan Styles
Single-level(одноуровн.) Residences
Most common styles
Stair-free access
Simple maintenance(простое обслуживание)
Variety of exterior styles

Floor Plan Styles
Split-level(разноуровн.) Residences
Combine features of one and two-storey homes
Suited to sloping sites
Greater construction costs
Split side-to-side(поперечный) or front-to-back(спереди назад)

Floor Plan Styles
Two-storey Residences
Numerous options
Separated living and sleeping areas
Minimal land required
Maximum building area at lower costs
Less foundation material
Fewer exterior walls
Smaller roof

Floor Plan Styles
Dormer-style Residences
Two levels
Upper level about half of first floor
Incorporates a steep roof
Dormer level forms attic-like area
Economic features of two-storey homes

Floor Plan Styles
Multi-level Residences
Endless possibilities for floor levels
Style dictation(стилевое подчинение)
Owners’ living habits
Site topography(рельеф площадки под строительство)
Most costly homes

Exterior Styles - Georgian
Basic style modified throughout colonies
Available material
Weather
Classical principles of ancient Greeks
Form and symmetry evident in front elevation
Centered entry with equally spaced windows
Columned porch
Doorway with carved wood detailing
Southern homes most often built of brick
Northern homes covered with wood siding

Exterior Styles - Saltbox
Common modification of Georgian style
Symmetry without much detail
Two-story at front tapers to one-storey in rear
Shutters on windows

Exterior Styles - Garrison
Combines Saltbox & Georgian styles
Modeled after fort structures
Upper level extends past lower level
Heavy timbers(масс. балки) support overhang(свес полки балки)

Exterior Styles - Federal
Combines Georgian with Roman & Greek styles
Wood or brick exterior
High, covered porch with centered Greek-style columns
Arched trim door(арочн.укр.дверь)
Projected(выступ.е) pediments cap windows

Exterior Styles – Greek Revival
Classic Greek architecture proportions & decorations
Large, rectangular, boxlike
Two-storey portico(крытый портик)
Low, sloped gable roof(двух скатн. пологая кровля)
Greek columns
Adds decoration

Exterior Styles – Southern Colonial
Similar to Georgian style
Also referred to as Plantation style
Flat, covered porch(крытый вход)
Extends length of the house
Protection from sun and weather

Exterior Styles - English
Unsymmetrical layout
Stone, brick, or heavy timber & plaster(гипсовая штукатурка)
Diamond-shaped (ромбовидное) window glass

Exterior Styles – Dutch Colonial
Defined by roof style
Gambrel (мансардная двускатная крыша )(Barn) roof of two levels
Steep (с крутым скатом) lower level roof serves as second floor
Upper roof is traditional gable style

Exterior Styles – French Normandy
Multilevel
Framed with brick, stone or wood, and plaster
Gable or Hip style roof(шатровая; вальмовая 4-х скатная)
Circular turret(круглая башня) near center of home

Exterior Styles – French Plantation
Two full floors
Wraparound porch(окаймленное крыльцом)
Hip roof (шатровая; вальмовая 4-х скатная)

Exterior Styles – Spanish Colonial
Exterior of adobe(необожённый кирпич) or plaster
Arches and tiled roofs
Timbers frame flat or low-pitched roof
Grills(решетки) or spindles in windows
Balconies with wrought-iron railings

Exterior Styles - Farmhouse
Two-storey construction
Little or no trim(нет отделки) or detail work
Surrounded by covered porch(закрытое крыльцо)

Exterior Styles - Ranch
Originated in Southwest
Single-storey rambling layout разр.я за счет пристроек)
Low-pitched roof with large overhang
Original exterior materials
Stucco
Adobe

Exterior Styles - Victorian
Also called Queen Anne style
Irregularly shaped floor plans
Ornate detailing(чрезмерно украшенный фасад)