System of Government of Lebanon

CONTENT
Introduction
Head of State
Lebanese Government
Legislative Power
Judicial power

INTRODUCTION
Lebanese Republic is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Palestine to the south, while Cyprus lies to its west across the Mediterranean Sea its location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has contributed to its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious diversity. Lebanon is home to roughly six million people and covers an area of 10,452 square kilometres (4,036 sq mi), making it one of the smallest countries in the world. The official language of the state is Arabic .The Lebanese dialect of Arabic is used alongside Modern Standard Arabic throughout the country.

INTRODUCTION
Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon, contains approximately half of the Lebanese population and is located towards the middle of Lebanon’s 220 km coast.

HEAD OF STATE
The president of the Lebanese Republic is the head of state of Lebanon. The president is elected by the parliament for a term of six years, which is not immediately renewable. By convention, the president is always a Maronite Christian who is at least 21 years old.
Michel Aoun (born September 30, 1935, Lebanon), commander of the Lebanese Army (1984–88) who was appointed prime minister in 1988 and later served as president (2016)

LEBANESE GOVERNMENT
Lebanon is known to be a republic government in which the power of government is held by the Lebanese citizens. Lebanon is a parliamentary republic within the overall framework of confessionalism, a form of consocialionalism in which the highest office are proportionately reserved for representatives from certain religious communities.
The constitution of Lebanon grants the people the right to change their government.
Article 7 of Lebanon constitution also states that all Lebanese are equal and equally bound by public obligations and duties.

FUNCTIONS OF LEBANESE GOVERNMENT :
Appointing and dismissing state employees and accepting their resignation in accordance with the law.
In certain constitutional cases, the House of Representatives has the right to dissolve
Ensure the implementation of laws and regulations and supervise the work of all civil, military and security departments and institutions of the state.
Setting the general policy of the state in all fields, drafting laws and decrees, and taking the necessary decisions to implement them.

LEGISLATIVE POWER
Lebanon's national legislature is called the Assembly of Representatives (Majlis al-Nuwab in Arabic). Since the elections of 1992 (the first since the reforms of the Taif Agreement of 1989 removed the built-in majority previously enjoyed by Christians and distributed the seats equally between Christians and Muslims), the Parliament has had 128 seats. The term was four years, but has recently been extended to five.
Seats in the Parliament are confessionally distributed but elected by universal suffrage. Each religious community has an allotted number of seats in the Parliament. They do not represent only their co-religionists, however; all candidates in a particular constituency, regardless of religious affiliation, must receive a plurality of the total vote, which includes followers of all confessions. The system was designed to minimize inter-sectarian competition and maximize cross-confessional cooperation: candidates are opposed only by co-religionists, but must seek support from outside of their own faith in order to be elected.

FUNCTION
According to the Lebanese constitution, it is the House of Representatives that assumes the unity of legislative power. The constitution states in article 32 that the council meets every year in two contracts, the first of which starts on the Tuesday after March 15, and continues until the end of May, while the second contract starts on the Tuesday after October 15, provided that the sessions of this contract are allocated to the consideration and vote on the budget before any other work, and the second contract will continue to be held until the end of the year.

JUDICAL POWER
The Lebanese judiciary is one of the three authorities that govern Lebanon and has an independent entity that is subject only to the law. Article 20 of the Lebanese Constitution recognises that judicial courts must be established by stating: "The judicial authority shall be vested by courts of all degrees and jurisdiction within a system provided for by law under which judges and litigants are preserved the necessary guarantees. The conditions and limits of judicial security are set by law. The judges are independent in carrying out their job, and decisions and judgements are issued by all courts and executed in the name of the Lebanese people."