Time Management

College: New Expectations
College is NOT like being in High School
You are responsible for the following:
Attending class all the time and being on time
Making sure you purchase books for your courses
Completing assignments on time
Conducting yourself respectfully and treating others respectfully, in and out of the classroom
Asking questions when you don’t understand or need further assistance
Knowing your rights and responsibilities as a college student

1. Assess your priorities
2. Get print-out of your schedule
3. Know important deadlines
4. Make a scheduled appointment to see a counselor to do an educational plan
5. Take advantage of resources and services
6. Get to know your instructors
7. Monitor your progress during the semester
8. Interact with classmates, form study groups
9. Get involved on campus
10. Get a printout of your grades once semester ends
10 Tips for Success

Student Success
Time-management
The choices about how you spend your time are important
How can you plan your schedule and manage your time?
Ask yourself the following questions:

TIME
MANAGEMENT
How to manage classes, work,
and friends successfully…

Time Management
1. How many hours a week will you be working?
2. How many units do you plan on enrolling?
3. How many hours a week do you plan on studying?
4. What other priorities take up time in your schedule?

Time Management
IF YOU WORK TAKE NO MORE THAN
40 hours/wk 6 credit hours
30 hours/wk 9 credit hours
20 hours/wk 12 credit hours
5-15 hours/wk 14-16 credit hours
1 credit hour equals one hour in class or lab a week
For every 1 credit hour of class, plan on studying 2-3 hours for that class
12 credit hours is considered “full-time” enrollment

Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson
the student will be able to:
identify personal, academic, and career goals
prioritize items for efficient and effective use of time
build study time into the weekly schedule
say “NO!” to activities/commitments that derail academic plans
work the schedule as planned.

TIME MANAGEMENT QUESTIONNAIRE
Check YES or NO for each of the items regarding your management of time.
YES NO
1. Do you often find yourself doing things that interfere with your schoolwork
simply because you hate to say no to people?
2. Do you feel that you are in charge of your own time by and large?
3. On an average class day do you spend more time with personal grooming
than with school work?
4. Do you believe that there is room for improvement in the way you manage
time?
5. Do you set and honor priorities?
6. Do you make a list of the things you have to do each day?
7. Do you make constructive use of your time?
8. Do you continue pursuing unprofitable study routines or habits?
9. Do you have a set of goals for the entire semester?
10. Are you still working on an assignment the night before it is due?
11. Do you regularly review for your class even when a test is not imminent?

Time Management Questionnaire -- 2
ANALYSIS
1. If you answered “Yes”, break yourself of this practice. Give a higher priority to your schoolwork! Who can you expect to honor your commitment to your schoolwork if you don’t?
2. If “Yes”, great! Stay in the driver’s seat!
3. Personal grooming is very important, but remember that there is a time for everything. Often your grades are a true reflection of the amount of time devoted to study. What you get out of a class correlates highly with what you put into it.
4. If “Yes”, use the information in this module to help you make the necessary changes, and make up your mind to make the necessary changes!
5. If “Yes”, good! If you don’t honor your priorities you cannot expect anyone else to!
6. The busier you are the more important it is for you to make lists. Without a list (or schedule) it is too easy to forget. You are a human, not a computer, so you will forget something at some time!
7. It is so easy to procrastinate, so be sure that you can account for your time!
8. If something isn’t working it is senseless to continue using it!
9. It is necessary that we know where we’re going . Goals help us keep our eyes on the prize.
10. If “Yes”, work on time management and priorities. Distributed study will prevent this.
11. To get the most from a class, review on a regular basis. This helps you better understand and internalize the learning.
Reducing the amount of time you spend on the phone
can add greatly to the amount of time available for study !

Simplify Your Life
Say “no” to unnecessary commitments (Family/ friends sometimes ask us to do something without thinking. Learn to say “No” and offer alternatives.)
Make and use lists (Making a list is easy, but following it requires self-discipline. Plan your work and work your plan!)
Keep track of important dates--use a calendar (Humans forget, especially if they lead a busy life! Put things in writing to aid your memory.)
Organize effectively (Discover what makes you most effective and efficient. Stick with it!)
Keep an open mind to change (When a strategy is not working, change it! Try a different approach!)

SIMPLIFY YOUR LIFE - 2
Save time when you run errands by doing several in one trip. An ordered list may help.
At the start of the semester mark all important dates on a “month-at-a-glance” calendar.
Make appointments as soon as possible after you have your schedule of classes. DO NOT schedule appointments for times you’re due in class! Write appointments on your calendar. (Don’t depend on mom to make appointments for you. You are now an adult, so assume that responsibility for yourself.)
Always carry some schoolwork with you to make use of “waiting time” to get in extra study. (Concept cards, your textbook, class notes, etc. are always good tools to have with you.)
Be sure to section off your binder (or use a different notebook) for each course as a means of getting--and staying--organized.
Put things back where they belong as soon as you have finished using them. This is a time saver!
(Adapted from Beierlein, James G. and Barbara K. Wade, Navigating Your Future. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 2002, p. 58.)

HOW TO BE A COLLEGE STUDENT
PRIORITIZE
Classes and study ARE your job! Develop long- and short-term goals to keep you on track.
Develop the habits and mindset of an academic (a REAL student) by planning your time to support your new life.
TACKLE YOUR CLASSES LIKE A PROFESSIONAL
Learn the material.
Learn the professor.
Learn how to manage your attitude, then do it!
TACKLE THE MATERIAL LIKE A UNIVERSITY STUDENT
Prepare BEFORE you go to class by reading the textbook and reviewing past notes.
Be attentive in class---mentally alert, engaged in “active” learning.
Take notes, organize information for review.
Review regularly, daily. Distribute study.
THINK LIKE A UNIVERSITY STUDENT
Make connections between disciplines.
Keep up with world events.
Think critically.
Begin networking with other students, organizations, professors, alumni.
LOOK AHEAD TO THE HONOR AND RESPONSIBILITY THAT COMES WITH AN ACADEMIC DEGREE
ENJOY YOUR LIFE AS A UNIVERSITY STUDENT
Get involved in campus life whether you live on campus or commute.
Broaden your perspectives; make new friends.

Set Goals
Academic Goals: goals related to your role as a student
Example: What grades do you want/need?
Social Goals: goals related to you as a social being
Example: How will you connect to the university community?
Career/Work Goals: goals related to your ambitions in the world of work
Example: Where do you want to be (job-wise) in 10 years?

GOAL SETTING
Look at yourself. What are your short-term academic goals?
Jot down 2 or 3 of these on the page that follows.
What are some of your social (or personal) goals ?
Write these down in the proper place on the following page.
What are your career goals?
Note these in writing.
Now examine your goals. Is there any overlapping?
(Note: goals should not be isolated, unrelated to anything else. So you will probably notice some overlapping.)

MY GOALS
ACADEMIC
PERSONAL
CAREER

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT OUR GOALS
Look again at your goals. What behaviors are necessary for their achievement ?
Jot these down.
Now take a good, critical look at yourself.
Do you possess these behaviors?
If not, what must you do to succeed—to achieve your goals?
(I must adopt the needed behaviors that are not presently part of my repertoire.)
ESSENTIAL BEHAVIORS

Use Schedules
Schedules help us organize and plan our time. Schedules also keep us on track by reminding us where we need to be or what we planned to do at a particular time. Schedules help us plan our work and they help us work our plan! They help us reduce the amount of procrastination we engage in!
Campus (and other) bookstores sell several different kinds of organizers, some of which are spiral bound, some of which
are rather costly, some of which are electronic. It doesn’t matter what kind of organizer you have or how much you paid
for it. The important thing is that you USE it to plan and
manage your time.
Use the forms that follow to create your
schedule.
Record due dates and test dates
Record holidays and vacations
Record birthdays, social events,
appointments, study time, etc.
LOOK AHEAD!! PLAN FOR THE FUTURE!!

S C H E D U L I N G
When making your schedule, be sure to . . .
Prioritize!!
THEN . . .
Write in class times
Write in work times
Write in your social, civic, and religious activities
Write in tests and quizzes
Write in study time (this does not mean that you study ONLY at these times, but utilize the stray 10 or 15 minutes you find to study, too!)
Write in medical, dental, and other appointments
If you like to see a month at a glance on a rather large scale, try using a desk or wall calendar in addition to the electronic organizer or planner/scheduler you carry with you.

WHEN MAKING A SCHEDULE, BE SURE TO Prioritize
To prioritize is to rank in order of importance beginning with most important
Use your day planner (or the schedule form included in this module)
Beginning with the most
important, write in:
Classes
Assignments
Study time
Organization time
Work responsibilities
Social obligations
Fun time

WHEN MAKING A SCHEDULE, BE SURE TO Plan Study Time
Whenever possible, study during the day
Quickly review material after class
Set small goals & deadlines for big projects
Distribute work on big projects—spread it out
Plan blocks of time to study
Use “distributed study” (Minimum of 15 minutes per subject EVERY DAY)

WEEKLY SCHEDULE
Name__________________________ Time period: ___/___ to ___/___
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hour Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Comments
7:00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8:00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9:00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10:00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11:00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
12:00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1:00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2:00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3:00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4:00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5:00
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CALENDAR: “A Month at a Glance”
NOVEMBER 2007
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
14 15 16 17 18
12 13
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30

Maximize Out-of-class Learning
Out-of-class learning includes:
reading the assigned material from the textbook, refining and studying your notes from the lecture, researching the topic for additional information, making graphic organizers to clarify and better understand the information, networking with other students in study groups, etc.
Make margin notes as you read
Use note cards, outlines, visual maps, etc. to note main ideas of each chapter
Maintain professor contact
Use study groups or partners
Get tutoring or other academic support

Maximizing Out-of-Class Learning: Textbook Reading
To maximize out-of-class reading of textbooks, use the SQ4R strategy.
S = SURVEY. Get an overview of the material. Note chapter headings, learning
objectives, outline of chapter, introductory paragraph, summary, post- reading questions. Notice how the author organizes the information, too!
Q = QUESTION. Turn headings, sub-headings, etc. into questions which you will seek to find answers for as you read.
R = READ. Begin reading section-by-section, seeking answers to the questions you
raised before beginning to read. Feel free to mark the text as you read, circling important words or concepts, underlining phrases or definitions,
writing notes (annotating) in the margin of the text, and so on.
R = WRITE. Cut to the chase by pulling out the important information, the “bare bones”—the message the author wants you to get. Annotate in the margin, or take notes on your regular note paper. Note definitions, relationships: cause/effect; compare/contrast; names, dates and events;
characteristics, traits, features; theories, formulas; examples, etc.
R = RECITE. Use your notes (from the above step) to talk through the information. Make associations and connections to better understand your reading.
R = REVIEW. Self-test. What do you need to study more? What do you know well? Use this information to guide your distributed study.

STUDY AIDS (for maximizing learning)
Margin notes (A.k.a. “annotations”)
The Geography of Japan
Physical Features
Japan is an archipelago , [a grouping of islands in an arch shape], which run from north to south from Hokkaido to, but not including, Taiwan. There are more than 200 islands, 4 major + numerous smaller ones.
Hokkaido
Honshu—the largest & most important; heart & core of Japan.-
Shikoku—smallest
Kyushu—southernmost
Honshu
Japan’s capital city, Tokyo, located here. Over 30 mil. people—1/4 of J’s population—live here. It has ½ of Japan’s industries, including the Tokyo Industrial Complex.
Kobe-Osaka area has ¼ J’s industries, and the Nagoya
Area has 1/5 of J’s indus. productivity.
Location
J. Located in Pacific O. w/3 major bays w/3 well-protected harbors:
Tokyo = Tokyo Bay
Nagoya = Ise Bay
Kobe-Osaka = Kobe Bay
A
Japan: an “archipelago”
Def: grouping of islands in “arch” shape
Extends N-S from Hokkaido to Taiwan
4 main islands:
Hokkaido
Honshu
Shikoku
Kyushu
Honshu: cap city,
Tokyo
30 mil pop.
½ J’s industry
Kobe-Osaka:
¼ J’s indus.
Nagoya = 1/5
Location: Pac. O
Features: 3 maj. bays w/well-protected harbors
Tokyo Bay
Ise Bay (Nagoya)
Kobe-Osaka Bay
Note annotations
In “cue” column;
see how they re-
duce material to
bare essentials
“Cues”
(Notes in this column)
Note headings
Note the markings—
Underlining & bracketing,
use of abbreviations and symbols

ANNOTATING (Making Margin Notes)
Many students find it helpful and time saving to make notes in the margin of their textbook or in the “cue” column of their paper when using the Cornell system of note taking. By doing this the unnecessary information is weeded out and necessary information is condensed, organized and labeled for ease of recall and efficient effective study.
Early Jazz Styles*
jazz: distinctly Amer. form of music w/ Jazz, one of the few distinctly American types of music, was derived from a
many influences: variety of sources. Its rhythms were [strongly influenced by the complex
rhythms=W. Africa rhythms of West Africa.] Its basic harmonic structure was taken from the
harmonies=European [European tradition]. And many aspects of its melody and harmony were
melody & harmony = 19th c. Amer. folk adapted from [nineteenth century American folk music], especially from
music; African-Amer. work songs, African-American work songs, field hollers, the blues, military marches, dance
field hollers, the blues, military marches, tunes, and the popular songs and minstrel show music. Several types of
dance tunes, minstrel show music, etc., religious music also contributed to its birth. Other types of religious music,
incl. Eur. church melodies & Amer. spirituals including European church melodies and American spirituals, were also
influential.
Created by. . . The creators of jazz were mainly African-Americans, though there are many African-American musicians noted white jazz musicians. The [first important center for jazz] was the notorious
noted white musicians [red-light district of New Orleans called Storyville.] There at the beginning of the
in Storyville, New Or’s “Red Light” twentieth century, musicians such as the {composer-pianist “Jelly Roll” Morton} district (1885-1941) worked together to transpose the ragtime style into what came to be
including . . . known as jazz, by blending it with elements of popular music and the blues. Jelly Roll Morton Among the outstanding musicians heard in Storyville were players such as {Buddy Buddy Bolden Bolden} (1877-1931), {Joe “King” Oliver} (1885-1938) and the young {Louis Louis Armstrong Armstrong} (1900-1971). At first they simply called their style ragtime played “hot”.
in the early 1900s When Storyville was closed down in 1917 by the federal government, . . . . . . . .
*Excerpted from Jeanne Shay Schumm and Shawn Post, Executive Learning . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997.
Def.

MAXIMIZING OUT-OF-CLASS LEARNING: REHEARSING
REHEARSING = THE WAYS WE PRACTICE INFORMATION FOR PERMANANCE OF LEARNING, STORAGE IN OUR LONG TERM MEMORY.
There are several strategies we use to help clarify and get information we need into long term memory.
These are divided into 2 categories: (1) Primary Rehearsal Strategies and (2) Secondary Rehearsal Strategies
Primary strategies are the most effective. They employ several different senses which aid retention and appeal to all learning modalities.
Concept Mapping
Concept Cards
Timelines
Charting: especially compare/contrast and cause/effect
Question/Answer
Secondary strategies are back ups to primary strategies. They are not as effective as the primary strategies, but they can help us better understand the material.
(Informal) Outlining
Summarizing
Preparing Study Guides

Concept Cards
Excellent for distributed study because they are so easy to carry around!
Excellent for test preparation, too, because of their portability as well as
nature. In the illustration below the back of the card is graphic.
Front of card Back of card
Identify the 6 levels of thinking
according to Bloom’s Taxonomy
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation

Concept Mapping
Concept mapping is a form of graphic organization which enables you to “see” relationships, patterns, etc. important to the understanding, clarification, and retention of a concept. When mapping, be sure to “keep it simple” so as not to defeat your purpose. Design is secondary to organization and consistency when mapping.
3 Memory Processes
1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval
Taking info in: sensory perception
Filing info away
Title: The Psychology of Memory
Bloom’s Taxonomy—the 6 levels of Thinking
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Taking info out of storage

Timelines
Timelines are particularly good at organizing chronological material such as information from a History class. Even when specific dates are not important, the sequential chain of events and time periods are of importance!
Timelines may be either horizontal or vertical. The “design” is secondary to organization.
Important Events in the Life of Beethoven
1770: Beethoven born in Bonn, Germany
1781: Beethoven becomes assistant to court organist
1782: Published several piano compositions
1786: Goes to Vienna to improvise for Mozart
1788: Court organist and violinist; becomes legal guardian
to 2 younger brothers
1791: Studies in Vienna w/Haydn; receives public praise and
a strong sense of identity
1799: Beethoven begins losing his hearing; avoids most all
social gatherings for 2 years
1802: Writes “Heiligenstadt testament”, a letter to his
brothers expressing his depth of despair b/c his
deafness
1803-04: Victory over despair
Composed the “Third Symphony (Eroica)”
1812: Met the German poet, Goethe—lasting friendship formed
1814: At age 44, forced by deafness to stop playing in public
“The Stormy Sixties”
1960:
JFK elected President
Crisis in Laos
Sit-Ins begin
Birth control pill marketed
1962: John Glenn orbits earth
Cuban missile crisis
MLK’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”
Harrington’s The Other America
1961:
Bay of Pigs invasion
Peace Corps formed
Berlin Wall erected
Vienna summit
SNCC formed

Charting
Charts are an excellent means of keeping track of relationships indicated in lectures as well as in textbooks. Causes and their effects, and compare and contrast relationships are most commonly indicated with this visual aid which reduces information to the bare essentials.
THEORIES OF MEMORY SYSTEM
There are 2 mem. Systems: Emphasizes different memory processes:
(1) Short-term Memory (STM)--- ---Memory is limited b/c of the way it is processed; the
Stores info for only several seconds; has a very way we process determines how well something is
limited capacity—holds only 7+/- new pieces of remembered
info; keep info in STM through rehearsal ---3 levels
lowest process shape
(2) Long-term Memory (LTM) holds info for long
periods of time; info can last for months or process letters or sounds
decades; is transferred from STM by rehearsal;
can have retrieval problems getting info out of LTM highest process meaning
--Rehearsal helps process info to deeper levels:
Maintenance rehearsal—role repetition
Elaborative rehearsal—associating what you
want to remember w/something
meaningful
Major Similarity Both use rehearsal in some way
Major Difference Parts vs. processes
Duplex Theory
Levels-of-Processing Theory
1
2
3
1
2

Maximize Out-of-Class Learning: Studying
When we study in an efficient and effective manner we prove that we are good managers of our time.
Distribute your study—15 minutes a day every day MINIMUM!
Use the 5Rs (or another effective system).
R1 = Record = take notes in class
R2 = Reduce = weed out, cut out unnecessary words
to get the speaker’s (or writer’s) message
R3 = Recite = talk through your reduced notes. Are you getting the message? Are you seeing the picture? Make sense of
the information as you talk to yourself.
R4 = Reflect = think back on the information. How does it relate to prior information? What is the connection between this information and what was presented in History? Sociology?
R5 = Review = prepare for an exam. What do you know well?
What do you need to practice more?
Note: Steps 2-5 above are done outside of class. Hence, maximizing out-of-class learning is based on in-class presentation.

Maximize In-class Learning
When you maximize out of class learning, you put yourself in a position to maximize in-class learning.
SO . . .
Keep up with all reading assignments
Take selective, complete notes; use them!!!
Refine and review notes before and after class
Stay caught up and avoid playing catch up
Prepare for a test every Friday
Organize and study! Use proven study strategies such as distributed study and the 5 Rs of study (as presented on a previous slide)

Schedule Time for YOU!
The life of a college student is a BUSY life. Keep healthy, happy, and relatively stress-free by scheduling time for yourself!
Exercise
Eat healthy foods
SLEEP! ( Don’t overdo
it!)
Cultivate friendships
Stay connected to family
Stay connected to
community, church, or
other organizations

Final Words
Keep track of your time by examining how you spend it.
Focus on your priorities but keep your goals in mind.
Planning your work is important, but be sure to “work your plan”!
Be sure to utilize rehearsal strategies as well as a study system to get the most from in-class and out-of-class time
Distribute your study! Regular short study sessions have proven to be much more effective than “cramming” sessions!
Work to achieve your goals. Change strategies if and when necessary.
Minimize stress by making sure you have time for yourself!