Words from other parts of the world

Содержание

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17-19 centuries - British imperialism. Borrowings from languages around the world. Development

17-19 centuries - British imperialism. Borrowings from languages around the world. Development
of American English. By 19th century, a standard variety of American English develops, based on the dialect of the Mid-Atlantic states.
Establishment of English in Australia, South Africa, and India, among other British colonial outposts.

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Sanskrit

avatar, karma, mahatma, swastika, yoga

Sanskrit avatar, karma, mahatma, swastika, yoga

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Avatar

the incarnation of a Hindu deity (as Vishnu)
an incarnation in human

Avatar the incarnation of a Hindu deity (as Vishnu) an incarnation in
form
an embodiment (as of a concept or philosophy) often in a person
a variant phase or version of a continuing basic entity
an electronic image that represents and is manipulated by a computer user (as in a computer game)

Origin
Sanskrit avatāraḥ descent, from avatarati he descends, from ava- away + tarati he crosses over

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Hindi

bandanna, bangle, bungalow, chintz, cot, cummerbund, dungaree, juggernaut, jungle, loot, maharaja,

Hindi bandanna, bangle, bungalow, chintz, cot, cummerbund, dungaree, juggernaut, jungle, loot, maharaja,
nabob, pajamas, punch (the drink), shampoo, thug, kedgeree, jamboree

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Shampoo

archaic : massage
to wash (as the hair) with soap and water or

Shampoo archaic : massage to wash (as the hair) with soap and
with a special preparation
to wash the hair of

Origin
Hindi & Urdu cā̃po, imperative of cā̃pnā to press, massage
First Known Use: 1762

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Dravidian

curry, mango, teak, pariah

Dravidian curry, mango, teak, pariah

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Mango

a tropical usually large ovoid or oblong fruit with a firm yellowish-red

Mango a tropical usually large ovoid or oblong fruit with a firm
skin, hard central stone, and juicy aromatic pulp; also : an evergreen tree (Mangifera indica) of the cashew family that bears mangoes
Sweet pepper

Origin
Portuguese manga, probably from Malayalam māṅṅa
First Known Use: 1582

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Persian (Farsi)

check, checkmate, chess

Persian (Farsi) check, checkmate, chess

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Chess

a game for 2 players each of whom moves 16 pieces according

Chess a game for 2 players each of whom moves 16 pieces
to fixed rules across a checkerboard and tries to checkmate the opponent's king

Origin
Middle English ches, from Anglo-French escheks, eschés, plural of eschec check at chess
First Known Use: 14th century

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Arabic

bedouin, emir, jakir, gazelle, giraffe, harem, hashish, lute, minaret, mosque, myrrh,

Arabic bedouin, emir, jakir, gazelle, giraffe, harem, hashish, lute, minaret, mosque, myrrh,
salaam, sirocco, sultan, vizier, bazaar, caravan

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Bazaar

a market (as in the Middle East) consisting of rows of shops

Bazaar a market (as in the Middle East) consisting of rows of
or stalls selling miscellaneous goods
a place for the sale of goods
department store
a fair for the sale of articles especially for charitable purposes

Origin
Persian bāzār
First Known Use: 1612

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African languages

banana (via Portuguese), banjo, boogie-woogie, chigger, goober, gorilla, gumbo, jazz,

African languages banana (via Portuguese), banjo, boogie-woogie, chigger, goober, gorilla, gumbo, jazz,
jitterbug, jitters, juke(box), voodoo, yam, zebra, zombie

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Zombie

the supernatural power that according to voodoo belief may enter into and

Zombie the supernatural power that according to voodoo belief may enter into
reanimate a dead body
a will-less and speechless human in the West Indies capable only of automatic movement who is held to have died and been supernaturally reanimated
a person held to resemble the so-called walking dead; especially : automaton
a person markedly strange in appearance or behavior
a mixed drink made of several kinds of rum, liqueur, and fruit juice

Origin
Louisiana Creole or Haitian Creole zonbi, of Bantu origin; akin to Kimbundu nzúmbe ghost
First Known Use: circa 1871

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American Indian languages

avocado, cacao, cannibal, canoe, chipmunk, chocolate, chili, hammock, hominy,

American Indian languages avocado, cacao, cannibal, canoe, chipmunk, chocolate, chili, hammock, hominy,
hurricane, maize, moccasin, moose, papoose, pecan, possum, potato, skunk, squaw, succotash, squash, tamale (via Spanish), teepee, terrapin, tobacco, toboggan, tomahawk, tomato, wigwam, woodchuck

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(plus thousands of place names, including Ottawa, Toronto, Saskatchewan and the names

(plus thousands of place names, including Ottawa, Toronto, Saskatchewan and the names
of more than half the states of the U.S., including Michigan, Texas, Nebraska, Illinois)

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Chocolate

a beverage made by mixing chocolate with water or milk
a food

Chocolate a beverage made by mixing chocolate with water or milk a
prepared from ground roasted cacao beans
a small candy with a center (as a fondant) and a chocolate coating
a brownish gray

Origin
Spanish, from Nahuatl chocolātl, probably alteration of eastern Nahuatl dialect chikolātl, from chikolli hook (probably used to refer to the beater used to mix chocolate with water) + ātl water, liquidFirst Known Use: 1604

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Chinese

chop suey, chow mein, dim sum, ketchup, tea, ginseng, kowtow, litchee

Chinese chop suey, chow mein, dim sum, ketchup, tea, ginseng, kowtow, litchee

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Ketchup

a seasoned pureed condiment usually made from tomatoes

Origin
Malay kĕchap fish sauce
First

Ketchup a seasoned pureed condiment usually made from tomatoes Origin Malay kĕchap
Known Use: circa 1690

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Japanese

geisha, hara kiri, judo, jujitsu, kamikaze, karaoke, kimono, samurai, soy, sumo, sushi,

Japanese geisha, hara kiri, judo, jujitsu, kamikaze, karaoke, kimono, samurai, soy, sumo, sushi, tsunami
tsunami

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Karaoke

a device that plays instrumental accompaniments for a selection of songs to

Karaoke a device that plays instrumental accompaniments for a selection of songs
which the user sings along and that records the user's singing with the music; also : a form of entertainment involving the use of a karaoke machine

Origin
Japanese, from kara empty + ōke, short for ōkesutora orchestra
First Known Use: 1979

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Pacific Islands

bamboo, gingham, rattan, taboo, tattoo, ukulele, boondocks

Pacific Islands bamboo, gingham, rattan, taboo, tattoo, ukulele, boondocks

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Tattoo

a rapid rhythmic rapping
a call sounded shortly before taps as notice

Tattoo a rapid rhythmic rapping a call sounded shortly before taps as
to go to quarters
outdoor military exercise given by troops as evening entertainment

Origin
alteration of earlier taptoo, from Dutch taptoe, from the phrase tap toe! taps shut!
First Known Use: circa 1627

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Australia

boomerang, budgerigar, didgeridoo, kangaroo (and many more in Australian English)

Australia boomerang, budgerigar, didgeridoo, kangaroo (and many more in Australian English)