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Neologisms and archaisms Coloured and neutral words Word
Neologisms and archaisms Coloured and neutral words Word
§ 1. Neologisms and Achaisms Language as an adaptive system undergoes modifications in function and structure so as to be fit for a new use, a new environment or a new situation. New names come into being and older names ceases to be used. Neologism is a newly coined word or phrase or a new meaning for an existing word, or a word borrowed from another language to name new things or an existing thing irrespective of their scale of importance. Popular patterns: 1) Composition (retail elephant, N+ mad or N+ happy or N+ friendly power-mad, money-mad, speed-mad, movie-mad auto-happy, trigger-happy, computer-friendly, alcohol-friendly, environment-friendly 2) shortening, blending wordrobe=vocabulary, a vator=elevator, sarcastrophe, sexaholic, BFE (beyond Fu**ing Egypt) =very far away) 3) new meanings spam – a trademark for canned meat → electronic junk mail 4) Other types of word-formation Examples – Guess What? a netizen a person who spends an excessive amount of time on the Internet. to whatever To dismiss or ignore. Desire to dismiss. snail mail The standard system of physical mail delivery in contrast to electronic mail an emoticon A symbol, usually found in e-mail messages, made up of punctuation marks that resembles a human expression. a pooper-scooper An instrument comprised of a scooping device on a long pole used for the collection of animal waste matter cords A garment or article of clothing made of corduroy fabric. Clues for the meaning: context morphological structure
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The principles of providing safety of population
The principles of providing safety of population
Basic concepts and classification of the causes of disasters The emergency it is a violation of the normal condition of life activity of humans on certain territory, caused by accidents, catastrophe, natural or ecological disasters, as well as mass diseases by infection that leads to loss of humans or material values. Modern representations, proposed by the World Health Organization, the emergency events with death or with deadly defeat of 10 which had been injured and requires a emergency care, is accepted to call a catastrophes. In conformity with assertion of V.I. Vernadsky the ecological catastrophe of local and global character occurs in result of human activity. That is why in basis of emergency situations lies the disbalance between activity of human and by environmemt. In Particular we can call the doctrine of Noosphere - pollution on a large scale of atmosphere led to the global ecological catastrophe, to the so-called global warming of climate. Hence, we can see that in particular in most emergencies lies an imbalance between by reasonable approach in using of natural richness and by environment, that is to say the non-regulated human impact on large-scale processes in nature can lead to a global catastrophe. The global warming of climate In present day the activity of human significantly influence to composition of the air and leads to greenhouse effect, that is to say to increasing of content therein the greenhouse gases. Increase the CO2 in atmospheric air is shown on the pictire 1. Increasing in atmosphere the greenhouse gases can lead in 2025 year warming the climate on 2 C and in this case the sea level is raised on 200 mm. The rising of level of sea’s surface leads to serious problems with flooding. The rising of level of sea’s surface leads to serious problems with flooding of many countries as Amsterdam, Petersburg, Rio-de-Janeiro etc.
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