A mother. Biological mother. Non-biological mother. Surrogate mother

A mother is the female parent of a child. Mothers are women who inhabit or perform the role of bearing some relation to their children, who may or may not be their biological offspring. Thus, dependent on the context, women can be considered mothers by virtue of having given birth, by raising their child(ren), supplying their ovum for fertilisation, or some combination thereof. Such conditions provide a way of delineating the concept of motherhood, or the state of being a mother. Women who meet the third and first categories usually fall under the terms 'birth mother' or 'biological mother', regardless of whether the individual in question goes on to parent their child. Accordingly, a woman who meets only the second condition may be considered an adoptive mother, and those who meet only the third a surrogacy mother.
The above concepts defining the role of mother are neither exhaustive nor universal, as any definition of 'mother' may vary based on how social, cultural, and religious roles are defined. The parallel conditions and terms for males: those who are (typically biologically) fathers do not, by definition, take up the role of fatherhood. Mother and fatherhood are not limited to those who are or have parented. Women who are pregnant may be referred to as expectant mothers or mothers-to-be, though such applications tend to be less readily applied to (biological) fathers or adoptive parents

Biological motherhood for humans, as in other mammals, occurs when a pregnant female gestates a fertilized ovum (the "egg"). Typically, a fetus develops from the viable zygote, resulting in an embryo. Gestation occurs in the woman's uterus until the fetus (assuming it is carried to term) is sufficiently developed to be born. In humans, gestation is often around 9 months in duration, after which the woman experiences labor and gives birth. This is not always the case, however, as some babies are born prematurely, late, or in the case of stillbirth, do not survive gestation. Usually, once the baby is born, the mother produces milk via the lactation process. The mother's breast milk is the source of antibodies for the infant's immune system and commonly the sole source of nutrition for the first year or more of the child's life
Biological mother

Mother can often apply to a woman other than the biological parent, especially if she fulfills the main social role in raising the child. This is commonly either an adoptive mother or a stepmother (the biologically unrelated partner of a child's father). The term "othermother" or "other mother" is also used in some contexts for women who provide care for a child not biologically their own in addition to the child's primary mother.
Adoption, in various forms, has been practiced throughout history, even predating human civilization. Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations. In recent decades, international adoptions have become more and more common.
Non-biological mother

A surrogate mother is a woman who bears a child that came from another woman's fertilized ovum on behalf of a couple unable to give birth to children. Thus the surrogate mother carries and gives birth to a child that she is not the biological mother of. Surrogate motherhood became possible with advances in reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization.
Not all women who become pregnant via in vitro fertilization are surrogate mothers. Surrogacy involves both a genetic mother, who provides the ovum, and a gestational (or surrogate) mother, who carries the child to term.
Surrogate mother

The social roles associated with motherhood are variable across time, culture, and social class. [ Historically, the role of women was confined to some extent to being a mother and wife, with women being expected to dedicate most of their energy to these roles, and to spend most of their time taking care of the home. In many cultures, women received significant help in performing these tasks from older female relatives, such as mothers in law or their own mothers.
Mother and child in Cambodia
Regarding women in the workforce, mothers often entail a mommy track rather than being entirely "career women". Mothers may be stay at home mothers or working mothers. In recent decades there has been an increase in stay at home fathers too. Social views on these arrangements vary significantly by culture: in Europe for instance, in German-speaking countries there is a strong tradition of mothers exiting the workforce and being homemakers.[ Mothers have historically fulfilled the primary role in raising children, but since the late 20th century, the role of the father in child care has been given greater prominence and social acceptance in some Western countries. The 20th century also saw more and more women entering paid work.
Social role

At your mother’s knee:
Means something you learned when you were a child.
Example: She learned to sing at her mother’s knee.
Experience is the mother of wisdom:
This idiom is used to mean that people learn from what happens to them. Experience gives you wisdom over a period of time.
Example: You will never understand the love parents have for their children until you get your own children. Experience is really the mother of wisdom.
Face (that) only a mother could love:
A very ugly face.
Example: Sarah is unattractive! She has a face that only a mother could love.
New idioms using the word ‘mother’

He that would the daughter win, must with the mother first begin:
This is a proverb which means that if you intend to marry a woman, first try to win her mother on your side.
Example: Listen Joe, if you want to marry Nancy, try to impress her mother first and be sure that she is on your side. He that would the daughter win, must with the mother first begin.
Like mother, like daughter:
This is a proverb which means that daughters or sons resemble their mothers.
Example: Richa is so calm for her age. Like mother, like daughter.
Necessity is the mother of invention:
This proverb means that when people really need to do something, they will find a way to do it.
Example: When Jessica’s pen had run out of ink, she used her lipstick to write a short note to her husband who was at work.
New idioms using the word ‘mother’

The mother of all:
An extreme example which is the biggest, most impressive, or most important of its kind.
Example: Failure is the mother of all success.
We hope this Mother’s Day special English lesson has helped you learn some new Idioms and proverbs with the word ‘Mother’. Use them in your daily English conversation to improve your English speaking skills.
New idioms using the word ‘mother’