Life and living. English in use

WORD formation

honest
loyal
equal
flexible
real
popular
The natural beauty of the coastline attracts tourists from around the world.
1
adjective + -ity
a state of being / quality
honesty
loyalty
equality
flexibility
reality
popularity
честность
верность, благонадёжность
равенство
гибкость
реальность
популярность

busy
ill
sad
thick
kind
weak
dark
bright
My goodness! What a wonderful view!
2
adjective + -ness
a state of being / quality
business
illness
sadness
thickness
kindness
weakness
darkness
brightness
дело
болезнь
грусть
густота
доброта
слабость
темнота
яркость

different
important
intelligent
silent
confident
The house is only a very short distance from the sea.
3
adjective + -ance / -ence
a state / quality
used to make nouns from adjectives ending in -ant, -ent.
difference
importance
intelligence
silence
confidence
разница
важность
интеллект
тишина
уверенность

free
wise
king
bore
Sometimes boredom leads to depression and other problems.
4
adjective + -dom
freedom
wisdom
kingdom
boredom
свобода
мудрость
королевство
скука

mother
father
brother
adult
We decided to buy this house because the neighbourhood was extremely quiet and peaceful.
5
noun + -hood
motherhood
fatherhood
brotherhood
adulthood
материнство
отцовство
братство
зрелость
refers to a time or to individuals sharing a state of being

leader
member
owner
champion
citizen
partner
My friendship with his friend’s sister Sue slowly turned into a relationship.
6
noun + -ship
leadership
membership
ownership
championship
citizenship
partnership
state / condition of
лидерство
членство
собственность
чемпионат
гражданство
партнерство

to enjoy
to move
to treat
to govern
to pay
to improve
to agree
to achieve
If you want excitement, you should try parachuting.
7
verb + -ment
наслаждение
движение
лечение, обращение
управление
оплата
улучшение
соглашение
достижение
action / process
enjoyment
movement
treatment
government
payment
improvement
agreement
achievement

marry
pass
bag
post
band
Please handle this package with care.
8
verb/noun + -age
брак
проход
багаж
почтовая оплата, доставка почтой
бинт, бандаж, повязка
action / process
marriage
passage
baggage
postage
bandage

to inform
to educate
to act
to decide
to situate
to produce
to populate
She looked at him with a surprised expression on her face.
9
verb + -tion
информация
образование
действие
решение
ситуация
производство
население
a state of being
-sion
-ition
-ation
-ion
information
education
action
decision
situation
production
population

These days most of us have a CD collection. Before the CD, singers made LPs, or
“long-playing” record. The invention of LP belongs to Columbia, a big recording
company in the USA. LP was a huge achievement in recording industry.
Although many children have never seen an LP, they had a great popularity.
To play these records you needed a record player with a needle that ran along a
record and produced the sound. Some musicians say the there is a big difference
in the quality of sound of LPs and CDs. LPs produce much better sound. LPs are
no longer very popular as a form of entertainment, but many people buy and
sell them. Some of them remember the LP from their childhood and listening to records reminds them of the past.
Use the word given at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
COLLECT
INVENT
ACHIEVE
POPULAR
DIFFERENT
QUALIFY
ENTERTAIN
CHILD

phrasal verb “make”

Phrasal verb is a verb followed by a preposition or an adverb;
the combination creates a meaning different from the original verb.

How did you make out yesterday on the biology test?
How is she making out with the recent death of her mother?
MAKE (something) OUT
1. to be able to hear, read or see something
He spoke so quietly we could hardly make out what he was saying.
2. to fill out the details of a document
3. to deal with
If you can make out the billboard from such a distance you really have excellent vision.

MAKE FOR (smth)
= to move in the direction of; head for
His father said that joining the army would make him into a real man.
Many flats are being made into offices nowadays.
MAKE (smbd / smth) INTO (smbd / smth)
= to convert or change into
Let's make for the exit before the crowd starts to leave.
He made for his apartment a couple of hours ago.

I don't know what to make of her suddenly unfriendly attitude to me.
MAKE OF
= to think and have an opinion about
something
MAKE OFF
= to hurry away, especially in order to
escape
MAKE OFF WITH
= to steal something and hurry away
The burglars made off with the jewelry.
The thieves had to make off in their car when the police arrived.
The pop star made off from the concert before the fans could find him.

It took the clown 10 minutes to make up his face.
The stylist made up her eyes that they looked huge for the party.
MAKE UP
1. to apply make up, rouge, powder, eyeliner,
etc.
3. to invent a story, usually to deceive or
entertain
2. to form or constitute something
It's an interesting neighbourhood because it's made up of people from all over the world.
We need two more people to make up a football team.
My four-year-old niece is always making up stories.
He always makes up wonderful fairytales about distant lands for the children before they go to sleep.

He sent me a present to make up for his being impolite yesterday.
I know I ruined your favourite dress but I hope this new one I bought you makes up for it.
4. to prepare a bed (or something) for use
6. to become friendly with someone again,
usually after an argument or fight
The room is tidy. I just have to make up the bed for you.
5. to put something together from many
different things
Let's make up an Easter basket for your nephew.
After three years without talking to each other, they finally made up.
MAKE UP FOR
= to compensate for something

confusing words

to clean something or make something smooth with a brush – чистить, расчёсывать.
brush
sweep
means to clean especially a floor by using a brush to collect the dirt into one place from which it can be removed – подметать.
Don't forget to brush your teeth.
I can't brush your hair if you don't keep still!
Please sweep the floor.
She swept the ashes from the fireplace.

to make clean; to remove dirt from something – чистить; очищать.
clean
wash
to clean something using water – мыть, умываться, стирать.
I'm going to clean the windows this morning.
You should always clean your teeth after meals.
This carpet doesn't clean very well.
This T-shirt has been washed so many times that it's lost its shape.
We have to wash the dishes.
Did you wash your hands?
(стирать; мыть посуду)
It's your turn to do the cleaning.
After you've eaten, you can do the washing up.
I have to do some washing – I’ve got no clean clothes.
Do the cleaning
Do the washing
(делать уборку)

a piece of furniture or a small part of a room with a door or doors behind which there is a place for storing things, usually on shelves.
cupboard
wardrobe
1. a tall cupboard in which you hang your clothes.
I heard a voice from the cupboard shouting "Let me out!“
I keep all the children's playthings in that big cupboard.
Jeans are an indispensable part of most people's wardrobe.
She wants to update her wardrobe.
2. all of the clothes that a person owns.
He hung his suit in the wardrobe.
She was showing me her new built-in wardrobes.

Dependent Prepositions