Biological factors

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PENETRATION PATHWAYS

The human body has three large epithelial surfaces namely skin,respiratory mucosa,and

PENETRATION PATHWAYS The human body has three large epithelial surfaces namely skin,respiratory
ailmentary tract
They have two lesser surfaces namely genital tract and conjuctiva

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Classification of infectious disease

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Classification of infectious disease .

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WORKS OF E.N. PAVLOVSKY

The founder of school of thought Evgenni Nikanorovich Pavlovsky

WORKS OF E.N. PAVLOVSKY The founder of school of thought Evgenni Nikanorovich
( 1884 – 1965) worked at the zoological institue of the USSR academy of sciences from 1930 – 1965 and was the director of the institur from 1942 to 1962
E.N. Pavlovsky was twice a prize winner of state price ( 1941, 1950) and lenin prize (1965). President of the all- union entamological socoietyu of the USSR sciences (1931 -1965)
Major publications of E.N. pavlovsky
Handbook on parasitology of man and theory on vectors of transmissive diseases
Natural focality of transmisssive diseases

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NATURAL FOCAL DISEASES

The aim of this study is to identify the diversity

NATURAL FOCAL DISEASES The aim of this study is to identify the
and geography of natural focal diseases in Russia and to develop cartographic approaches for their mapping includng mathemetical cartographical modelling.
Russian medico geographical mapping of natural-focal diseases is highly developed regionally and locally but extremely limited at the national level.
To solve this problem a scientific team of the faculty of geography at loonosov moscow state university has developed and implemented a project of a medico-geographical Atlas of russia “Natural focal diseases”

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LANDSCAPE SCIENCE

LANDSCAPE SCIENCE

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The BASIS OF LANDSCAOE SCIENCE is the theory that the geographic landscape

. The BASIS OF LANDSCAOE SCIENCE is the theory that the geographic
is the primary element in the physicogeographical differentiation of the earth.
Landscape science deals with the origin, structure, and dynamics of landscapes.
Landscape science also deals with the study of zones, sectors, regions, provinces, and other higherbanking regional geosystems

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TASKS OF LANDSCAPE SCIENCE

ITS TASKS IS TO STUDY THE PARTS OF THE

TASKS OF LANDSCAPE SCIENCE ITS TASKS IS TO STUDY THE PARTS OF
LANDSCAPE (the lowest level geosystems)
Localities‘
Natural boundaeies
Their relative arrangement and interactions
The types of spatial structures formed by lanscapes,

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DYNAMICS OF INVASIVE DISEASES

The dynamics of any infections disease are heavily dependant

DYNAMICS OF INVASIVE DISEASES The dynamics of any infections disease are heavily
on the rate of transmission from infectious to susceptible hosts
In many disease models, this rate is captured in a single compound parameter, the probability of transmission B
Concepts underlying the different approaches to modeling disease transmission and by laying out why a more detailed understanding of the variables involved is usually desirable

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Invasive species, disease vectors, and pathogens affect biodiversity, ecosystem function and services,

. Invasive species, disease vectors, and pathogens affect biodiversity, ecosystem function and
and human health.
Climate change, land use, and transport vectors interact in complex ways to determine the spread of native and non‐native invasive species, pathogens, and their effects on ecosystem dynamics
Early detection and in‐depth understanding of invasive species and infectious diseases will require an integrated network of research platforms and information exchange to identify hotspots of invasion or disease emergence
Partnerships with state and federal agencies that monitor the spread and impacts of invasive species and pathogens will be critical in developing a national data

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DYNAMICS OF NATURAL FOCI OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

DYNAMICS OF NATURAL FOCI OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

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ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPE DAMAGE

ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPE DAMAGE

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Poisons and allergens of plant origin

The study of plant poisons is known

Poisons and allergens of plant origin The study of plant poisons is
as phytotoxicology.
Most of the poisonous higher plants are angiosperms, or flowering plamts
Poisonous plants may be classified according to the chemical nature of their toxic constituents

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Toxic effects on humans

Plants contain substances that may exert toxic effects on

Toxic effects on humans Plants contain substances that may exert toxic effects
skin, lung, cardiovascular system, liver, kidney, bladder, blood, nervous system,bone, and the endocrine and reproductive systems
Contact dermatitis and photosensitivity are common skin reactions with many plants
Gastrointestinal effects range from local irritation to emesis and/or diarrhea

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Poisons of animal origin(zootoxin)

Venomous animals produce poison in a highly developed secretory

Poisons of animal origin(zootoxin) Venomous animals produce poison in a highly developed
gland or group of cells and can deliver their toxin during biting or stinging

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CLASSIFICATION

Zootoxins can be divided into several categories:
(1) oral poisons—those that

CLASSIFICATION Zootoxins can be divided into several categories: (1) oral poisons—those that
are poisonous when eaten;
(2) parenteral poisons, or venomous—those that are produced by a specialized poison gland and administered by means of a venom apparatus;
(3) crinotoxins—those that are produced by a specialized poison gland but are merely released into the environment, usually by means of a pore
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