Accelerating Electric Vehicle (EV) Adoption

Agenda
Why electric cars?
Where electric cars?
How electric cars?

Why electric cars?
Inaugural Formula E Beijing Grand Prix
September 13, 2014

Electric cars are FUN!
Electric cars are FAST – instant torque
CLEAN AIR – zero emissions
Electricity is readily available
Electricity costs are stable and much lower
than gasoline
Oil independence (national security)
Save gas = save money
Low maintenance
Fun, Fast, Clean & Efficient
Why Electric Cars?

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
CO2 is a potent greenhouse gas.
Using electricity produced with coal, electric vehicles reduce emissions 77% compared to conventional vehicles. Emissions are reduced further with cleaner sources of electricity.
2.4 pounds of CO2 are produced with each gallon of gasoline refined.
19 pounds of CO2 are produced when each refined gallon of gas is burned.
A total of 21.4 pounds of CO2 are released into the atmosphere for every gallon of gas consumed.
Then the gas must be shipped and driven to the pumps everywhere!
Electricity is already delivered to more places than gasoline.
Reduced CO2 Emissions
Why Electric Cars?

Increased Efficiency
“You take an average of 5 kilowatt hours to refine gasoline, something like the Model S can go 20 miles on 5 kilowatt hours. You basically have the energy needed to power electric vehicles if you stop refining”.
- Elon Musk
Why Electric Cars?
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
A gallon of crude oil contains about 38.6 kWh (132,000 BTU).
A gallon of gasoline contains about 33.7 kWh (115,000 BTU).
About 5 kWh are lost in the refining process.
An average of 4 miles or more per kWh is common among EVs.
Electric motors are over 90% efficient.
Internal combustion engines are only 25-30% efficient, the remaining energy is lost mostly to heat.

Where electric cars?

Workplace
Airports
Schools
Hotels
Events, arenas
Soccer fields
Golf courses
Work, Play and Most of Our Driving
Where Electric Cars?

Where Electric Cars?
Cars Are Parked Mostly at Home and Work

Where Electric Cars?
Daily Commute Distance
Distance traveled one-way from home to work
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
93% of commuters travel less than 35 miles to work!
78% of commuters travel less than 20 miles!
EV drivers typically leave home fully charged.

Workplace charging extends the range of an EV.
The installation of charging stations at work will have a dramatic impact on EV adoption.
Workplace Charging
Where Electric Cars?
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
North Chicago, Illinois

“Parked at work” often means parked in a parking garage.
Parking Garages
Where Electric Cars?

“Parked at work” often means parked at the airport.
Airports
Where Electric Cars?
Denver International (DEN)
Reno-Tahoe International (RNO)
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International(CVG)
Piedmont Triad International – Greensboro, NC (GSO)

“Parked at work” can also mean parked at a hotel.
Hotels
Where Electric Cars?

Casinos (“Parked for Play”)
Where Electric Cars?

How electric cars?

How Electric Cars?
Electric Vehicle Energy Lingo
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
kWh is “how much” energy, similar to gallons of gas.
Miles per kWh, similar to miles per gallon.
kW is “how fast”, similar to gallons per minute.
kWh =
how much energy is used or strored
kW =
how fast energy is transferred

How Electric Cars?
Electric Vehicle Cost Lingo
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
A typical U.S. electricity cost is $0.10/kWh.
The Nissan Leaf goes about 80 miles with a 24 kWh battery. Therefore, 20 miles uses about 6 kWh.
The energy cost to recoup 20 miles is about 60 cents:
6 kWh x $0.10/kWh = $0.60
Example: Nissan Leaf (24 kWh battery)

How Electric Cars?
Electric Vehicle Charging Levels
Plug In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Battery Sizes
Toyota Prius 4.4 kWh Battery 11 miles
C-max Energi 7.6 kWh Battery 21 miles
Chevy Volt 16 kWh Battery 38 miles
BMW i3 22 KWh Battery 80 miles
Ford Focus 23 kWh Battery 76 miles
Nissan Leaf 24 kWh Battery 75 miles
Tesla Model S 60 kWh Battery 208 miles
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Electric vehicle chargers come in Levels 1, 2 and 3.
Level 1 = 120 volts AC and Level 2 = 240 volts AC.
Level 3 is called “DC Fast Charging.
Level 1 = 5-8 miles of range per hour of charging
Level 2 = 10-15 miles of range per hour of charging
Level 3 = 60-70 miles of range per half hour of charging
Charging Levels and Ranges

How Electric Cars?
Electric Vehicle Charging Behavior
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Most EV owners charge at home (82%).
Most EV owners charge at least once each day (92%).
Very few EV owners charge at public locations (18%) and these are mainly work locations.
Charging Behavior
In 2012, SAE International (Smart, 2012) published a report that looked into details of how EV owners charge their EVs. The study found that 92% of EV owners charge a minimum of one time per day and 82% of the charging occurred at the owner’s home. Only 18% of the owners charge their EVs at public locations, and these are mainly work locations with extended parking periods.
82%
18%

How Electric Cars?
Understand Charging Options
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Functionality and networking built into electric vehicle chargers (EVSEs) adds cost!
Credit Card Readers
Adds approximately $500 per unit
The single most common cause of EVSE outages
Integrated Electricity Metering
Energy metering can easily be accomplished outside of the EVSE for a fraction of the cost
Expected vs. Actual electricity costs can be determined and used to reset employee rates
RFID authorization
Networking and software maintenance

How Electric Cars?
Complimentary Electric Vehicle Charging
Consider “Level Free” Charging
Less expensive EV charging stations
No contracts for service fees or revenue sharing
Energy costs can be recovered using existing programs or new programs at low cost
“Complimentary” EV charging can be used as a marketing tool

How Electric Cars?
Payments and Electric Vehicle Charging
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Based on rates from the leading supplier of EV charging stations, a total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis shows that it is less expensive to provide free charging with two L1 PowerPost® EVSEs than to charge employees for energy using a dual, networked EVSE.
Level 1
Free EV Charging
Costs $5,628
Over 7 Years
Level 2 Networked
EV Charging with
revenue offsets paid
by Employees
Costs $10,993 Over 7 Years
TCO in both cases does not include installation which varies greatly (site specific)
Consider “Level Free” Charging

How Electric Cars?
Novel Approaches to Payments
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Donating the cost of EVSE energy to a charity can be an effective image-building tool.
“A Breath of Fresh Air”! a “Donation Station” approach
Sponsorship/Partnership/Stewardship

How Electric Cars?
Schools and Clean Air
Energy efficiency, improved air quality, LED lighting and other “green” initiatives will be priorities for facilities that are newly built or renovated using bond measure dollars.
The installation of electric vehicle charging stations at schools may be covered by new bond measures.
Educational programs focused on the benefit of electric vehicles could be implemented into school curriculums to promote EVs to younger generations
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
In June California voters approved nearly $3 billion in bond measures.
According to a preliminary list from the Coalition for Adequate School Housing, more than $11 billion in additional bond measures is planned for the November 2014 ballot.

How Electric Cars?
Schools and Clean Air Curriculum
Health and Environment
Real World example of Plug In Vehicle adoption and uses
Speaking and Presentation from industry leaders
Contact me for further information.
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Workplace charging for faculty and staff is a teaching opportunity.
Students gain valuable knowledge about the world they live in.
A curriculum of environmental advantages, commute times and distances, energy usage, pollution reduction and gas savings, to name a few!

Accelerating Electric Vehicle Adoption
Summary
Why Electric Cars?
Fun, Fast, clean and efficient
High performance
Reduce emissions
Save gas, save money
Where Electric Cars?
Work, play and most of our driving
Focus on workplace charging
Includes airports, hotels, schools, events, etc.
How Electric Cars?
Charging stations installed where needed most
Novel, low-cost approaches to payment
Complementary and “level-free” charging
Educational programs for schools