Chelyabinsk region: economical and geographic portrait of the region

Factors of territory development
«That doesn’t depend on us»
«That depend on us»

Subsystems of the region

Region: in brief
Square – 88,5 (0,5 %)
А – 83,8
Population – 3,5 (2,5 %)
А – 8,4
Gross regional product – 650,0 (2 %)

Geographical location

Territory
Features:
1. Efficiency.
2. Relative size.
3. Relative location .
4. Integrity.
4. Saturation.
5. Structure.

Natural conditions
20 % - mountain territory
Almost comfortable territory
Periodical draughts
Spring’s big water
Geochemical anomaly
Infected territory

Territory: bronze age

Territory: early new time

Territory: 18-19th centuries

Time – main resource of economical development
Chelyabinsk region
(250 лет)
Verkhneuralsk,
1735 год
Austria
(2 000 лет)
Vindbona (Vienna),
90 A.D.

Development based on forced labour
Крепостное право
↓
Peasants fixed to the factories
Soviet economy
↓
GULAG

Dynamics of populations

Demographic features
Negative:
Population decrease (from 1992)
High death rate (especially, men)
Increase of old population
Disproportion between sexes
Reducing numbers of marriges

Low density of population
Low density of population
(40 p/sq.km.)
↓↓↓
1. «Small» market.
2. Low infrastructure saturation
3. Long pay back period of capital investment.
4. ‘Wild’ territory.
5. Slow market exchange.

Polyethnic structure

Employment

Unemployment – how to use labour force

Income per capita–
about 400 euro

Growth of social differentiation
Poor – 20 %
5 % gross income
Rich – 20 %
50 % gross income

Social segregation
For poor people
For rich people

Ideal settlement of population

Actual settlement of population

Perspective settlement – concentration in the basic points of the region

Urbanization – 82 %
Magnitogorsk from space
Map of Zlatoust

Each second town is monotown

Rural – 18 % of population

Mono-industry structure of economy
Structure of production of Chelyabinsk region,%
Metallurgy
Food industry
Machinery industry
Mineral products
Electrical equipment
Leathers things
Wood and things made from wood

Traditional energetics

Ferrous metallurgy→ income of budget
Foundry of Kasli
Geography of ferrous metallurgy enterprises

Non-ferrous metallurgy – dependency of international conjuncture
Dynamic of copper prices, thousands $ per ton

Degrading of machinery building industry

Food security – about 60 %
Periphery – extensive (grain)
1. Low yields
2. Non-efficiency land tenure
3. Depletion of soil fertility (richness).
Suburban - intensive

Internal trade
Position of the big cities of Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions in retail trade, %

Инфраструктура

Trade between regions of Russia, 2010

International relations
More than 120 countries
1 600 companies
Positive trade balance
Semi-food export (-)
Raw material import (-)
Dominance of long distance relations (-)
Outbound tourism (-)

Bipolar organization
of regional economy
Chelyabinsk
+ Magnitogorsk =
50 % of population,
70 % retail trade
and
80 % industries’ production

Main problems
Development based on inertia (persistence)
Market without competition