Содержание

Слайд 2

Why the game theory may be useful for you?

Game Theory Basic ideas

Why the game theory may be useful for you? Game Theory Basic
and examples

Because you will play games!

- with your children

- with your spouse

- with your employer

- with your employees

Because games are played!

- during wars

- in politics

- in business

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Games involve:

Game Theory Basic ideas and examples

- skill

- strategy

- chance

Games involve: Game Theory Basic ideas and examples - skill - strategy - chance

Слайд 4

Game theory: the science of rational behavior in interactive situations

Game Theory Basic

Game theory: the science of rational behavior in interactive situations Game Theory Basic ideas and examples
ideas and examples

Слайд 5

Strategy

Game Theory Basic ideas and examples

Strategic thinking is essentially about your interactions

Strategy Game Theory Basic ideas and examples Strategic thinking is essentially about
with the others

Game theory is about interactive decision making

Слайд 6

Some examples of the games

Game Theory Basic ideas and examples

Rock, paper, scissors

Some examples of the games Game Theory Basic ideas and examples Rock,

(mixed strategy) http://www.gametheory.net/media/Princess.wmv

Non-studying cartel

(prisoners’ dilemma)

“Flat tire”

High demands, no concessions

“War of attrition”

The dating game

Dziennik vs. GW

(backward reasoning, focal point)

(commitments, reputation)

(chicken game, brinkmanship)

(signaling and screening)

(entry and exit games)

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It is high time to play a game

Game Theory Basic ideas

It is high time to play a game Game Theory Basic ideas
and examples

(this time however dogs will play it)

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Case Study approach vs. Theory
The player who knows how will usually

Case Study approach vs. Theory The player who knows how will usually
draw, the player who knows why will usually win
Tom Wiswell – A world champion of checkers
Focus on theory but build it up through cases

Game Theory Basic ideas and examples

Слайд 9

Decisions vs. games

Game Theory Terminology

Decision – I decide without concern for

Decisions vs. games Game Theory Terminology Decision – I decide without concern
your reaction or response

Game – mutual awareness of the cross-effects actions

I know, that you know, that I know that you know……..

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Classifying games

Game Theory Terminology

Sequential vs. Simultaneous (first/second mover advantage)
Total conflict vs. some

Classifying games Game Theory Terminology Sequential vs. Simultaneous (first/second mover advantage) Total
commonality (zero-sum games, constant-sum games; usualy non zero sum - war example and Pyrrhic victory (Heraclea 280 B.C. „Another such victory and we are lost!”)
One shot vs. repeated (with the same or changing opponents) (One shot: simpler – no future, but more complicated at the same time – lack of knowledge about the others.)

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Classifying games

Game Theory Terminology

Full vs. equal information (external and strategic uncertainty; games

Classifying games Game Theory Terminology Full vs. equal information (external and strategic
of perfect and imperfect information) (incomplete (asymmetric) information: signals and signaling; screening and screening devices)
Fixed vs. Manipulable rules of game (game and pregame)
Enforceable vs nonenforceable agreements to cooperate (cooperative vs noncooperative games)

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Basic concepts and assumptions

Game Theory Terminology

- Players

- Moves (actions)

- Common knowledge of

Basic concepts and assumptions Game Theory Terminology - Players - Moves (actions)
rules (list of players; strategies available to each; payoffs, assumption about rationality)

- Equilibrium (outcome of the players’ best strategies)

- Rationality (complete knowledge, perfect calculator)

- Strategies (complete plan of action)

- Payoff, also expected payoff (including everything)

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Basic concepts and assumptions

Game Theory Terminology

- Dynamics and evolutionary games

- Observation and

Basic concepts and assumptions Game Theory Terminology - Dynamics and evolutionary games - Observation and Experiment
Experiment

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The use of GT

Game Theory Terminology

Explanation (why did it happen?)

Prediction

Advice or prescription

The use of GT Game Theory Terminology Explanation (why did it happen?) Prediction Advice or prescription

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It is high time to play a game again

Game Theory Introduction

21

It is high time to play a game again Game Theory Introduction
flags

- 2 players

- 21 flags (coins, bricks)

- sequential, zero-sum,

- Each player can remove 1, 2 or 3 flags

- The player to remove last flag is a winner

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It is high time to play a game again

Game Theory Introduction

21

It is high time to play a game again Game Theory Introduction
flags

Find the winning strategy

Homework