Jakarta floods

Jakarta flood management
Part 1: The basics - Spatial Planning
Part 2: The flood of February 2007
Part 3: No-regret measures
Part 4: Tide and High tide floods
Part 5: Water specialist center, short-term actions
Part 6: Actions and financing structure
The World Bank

Part 1
The basics: Spatial planning
“We live in a changing world”
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Total urban area % (java-bali spatial plan)
2000 - 2025

Total urban area % (java-bali spatial plan)
2000 - 2025

It is really happening
Landuse, Jabodetabek
1992
2002

It is really happening
Urban area, G. Pangrango
1992 - 2001
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Land-use & Rainfall runoff (Katulampa)
0
400
0
0.9
m3/s
m3/s
Fast runoff
Urban
Slow runoff
Non-Urban
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Part 2
Flood February 2007
Hydrology
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Daily
rainfall
Feb 2
Feb 1; 07:00
–
Feb 2; 07:00
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Daily
rainfall
Feb 4
Feb 3; 07:00
–
Feb 4; 07:00
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Inflow Ciliwung Febr 2007
Katu Lampa - Manggarai
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
13
12
14
15
11
16
4
17
6
Katu Lampa
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Flood February 2007
Hydraulics & Flood extent
Unique
“Complete upstream-downstream flood modelling framework now available for all major drainage including all 13 rivers”
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West Banjir canal

Part 3
No-regret ST Measures
Rehabilitation
“Restore original-available design capacity”
-Dredging
-Dike improvement
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1 August 2007
C: River Embankment Rehabilitation
1. Confirmation of Scope of Works
West Banjir Canal – Longitudinal Section
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1 August 2007
C: River Embankment Rehabilitation
1. Confirmation of Scope of Works
Cengkareng Floodway – Longitudinal Section
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A: Urgent Maintenance Dredging
1. Scope of Works

West banjir canal
design

No-regret ST Measures
“East-Banjir Canal”
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Stepwise approach:
Cipinang-Sunter-Buaran-Cakung
(With increased Cipinang-Sunter capacity)
Finish EBC-NE stretch
Optimize Manggarai gate
Connect with Ciliwung
WBC
EBC
Cakung
Sunter
Cipinang
Manggarai
Ciliwung

Increase capacity

Increase capacity

No-regret ST Measures
EBC-CAK-CIL-Manggarai Simulation 2007
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EBC-CAK-CIL-Manggarai

Part 4
Tidal analysis
High Tide floods
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Animation of tide in South China Sea

Spring tide analysis
Prediction based on analysed tidal constituents Tanjung Priok
Only spring tides are plotted
Upper plot: 18.6 year cycle caused by eliptical orbit moon
Lower plot: semi-annual cycle presumably caused by interaction diurnal and semi-diurnal spring-neap cycle
Astronomic tide
Sea level anomaly

Flood event June 2007
Increase in water level due to MSLA
Spring tide (at semi-annual high)
flooding reported at June 14, ~10.00 pm
February 2007, not exceptional
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Future high spring tides
Next semi-annual high spring tide:
October 29, November 26, December 24 -2007, January 21
Following semi-annual high spring tide: June 4, 2008
?Month with the highest average MSLA!
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November 26, 2007

Subsidence
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1980
2003
Land-use change
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Pluit 1989, 2007, 2025
(Positive view)
Pasar Ikan cm
Nov 1989
Nov 2007
Nov 2025
Nov 26, 2007
Oct 29, 2007
subsidence
40-60 cm
40-60 cm
Climate change
Sea level rise
subsidence
Critical level 2007
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Pasar Ikan cm
Nov 1989
Nov 2007
Nov 2025
Nov 26, 2007
Oct 29, 2007
subsidence
40-60 cm
40-60 cm
Climate change
Sea level rise
subsidence
2025:
80-100 cm increase
18.6 year cycle
Pluit 1989, 2007, 2025
(Positive view)
Critical level 2007
Sea level Nov 26
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High tide floods 2007:
“Signs of a sinking Jakarta”
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Jadebotabek Water Resources Management Study (JWRMS,1994)
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Part 5
“Strong knowledge base”
“Short-term action”
The World Bank

Flood Hazard
Mapping
Still a lot of confusion!!
Who is right?
Who is going to solve this?
Who dares to make decision?
One storey from specialists required!
“Water knowledge center” for DKI - Jabodetabek
The World Bank

Part 5
Actions and Financing mechanism
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ACTION PLAN
Short Term:
Dredging / East Banjir Canal / Manggarai Gate
Stop Ground Water Extraction (industrial)
Early Warning System
Strict Building Codes
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ACTION PLAN
Medium Term:
Bulk Water Supply
Stop Ground Water Extraction (household)
Solid Waste Management
Low Income Housing / Slum Improvement
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ACTION PLAN
Long Term:
Water Quality
Water Retention Basin / Catchment Area / Sea Defense
Land Use and Spatial Planning
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