METHODSOF CALCULATION THE LABOR NORMS

Analytical method of calculation the labor norms
Experimentally statistical method of calculation the labor norms
Account of the labor norms implementation

I. ANALYTICAL METHOD
It’s the main method of technical normalization, based on the studying and critical analysis of existing sequence of normalized execution techniques, organization and working conditions in the workplace, effective use of equipment in order to identify reserves to reduce labor costs and increase labor productivity.
Here, labor norms are technically valid.
The labor norm can be determined either by direct observation and measurement of the length of elements of the operation, or through labor standards.
Analytical method is divided into analytically researched and analytically calculated.

Analytically researched method
Analysis, design of composition and sequence of individual elements of normalized operation are carried out by a direct study of the operation in the workplace using a chronometry.
Firstly, administrative and technical measures should be carried out to rationalize the organization of labor and production to reduce the time expenditures.
Machine time is calculated acoording to the productivity of the equipment and optimal modes of its work.
The amount of preparatory-final time and time of service are established on the basis of pictures of working time.
Time for rest and personal needs is determined according to the special physiological studies or calculated according to the standards as a percent from an operative time.

These data provide the basis for determining the amount of time for the operation in general.
Advantage: it allows to carry out a research directly in the workplace, to identify and remove defects in the organization of labor, maintenance of workplace, labor conditions.
Disadvantage: high complexity, which limits its scope of application.

Analytically calculated method
Analysis and design of composition and sequence of normalized operations, and determining the time expenditures performed under the relevant technically valid standards, as well as according to the formulas of dependence of the time from factors that characterize the amount of work performed under certain organizational and technical conditions.
Allows to reduce the complexity of developing norms as there is no need to study the time required by observations.
However, this method decreases slightly the accuracy of norms for the given workplace because standards are developed for a typical organizational and technical conditions of the work.

II. Experimentally statistical (summary) method
Norms are set generally for the whole operation or work, without separation into elements.
Norms for the operation developed on the basis of experience of the setter, reporting data of actual time expenditures on similar operations in the previous period, without partial analysis, with no design modes, methods and rational organization of labor.
This method is not scientific. Labor norms set by this method, fix the actual condition of production, with all gaps, so this method can be used in exceptional cases, if for some reasons you can not apply an analytical method.

III. Account of the labor norms implementation
Account of the labor norms implementation for each employee, section, workshop, for company as a whole is required to perform the following tasks:
to identify employees who successfully perform norms, and those ones who cann’t handle the established norms and define the reasons of this;
to identify outdated norms and prepare materials for their revision;
to analyze the achieved level and the dynamics of labor productivity growth, to assess an intensity of norms for sections, workshops and company as a whole.