THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Formation
have / has (he,she,it) + V3, V-d /-ed
Negative sentences and questions
?,- have / has
e.g. I (we/you/they) have already written a letter.
He (she/it) has already written a letter.
He (she/it) hasn’t written a letter yet.
Has he (she/it) already written a letter?

Indicators
never никогда,
ever когда-либо,
often часто,
just только что,
already уже,
yet еще,
not yet еще не
today, this morning (week, month, year) и др.

Различие в значении и употреблении настоящего совершенного и прошедшего неопределенного времени
Глаголы как в настоящем совершенном, так и в прошедшем неопределенном времени переводятся на русский язык глаголами прошедшего времени.
Глагол в настоящем совершенном времени выражает действие, завершившееся к моменту речи, причем, интерес представляет результат этого действия, а не время его совершения.
Если же интерес представляет время совершения действия, то употребляется прошедшее неопределенное время:
Сравните:
I have been to the Crimea.
Я был в Крыму.
I was in the Crimea last summer.
Я был в Крыму прошлым летом.

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple:
I don’t know where Amy is. …Have you seen ..(you/see) her?
When I………….(get) home last night, I…..(to be) very tired and I …..(go) straight to bed.
Your car looks very clean. ……..(you/wash) it?
George …....(not/be) very well last week.
Mr Clark………(work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up.
Molly leaves in Dublin. She ……(live) there all her life.
‘……….(you/go) to the cinema last night?’ ‘Yes, but it ……(be) a mistake. The film…….(be) awful’.
I don’t know Carol’s husband. I ……(never/ meet/him).
‘Where is your key?’ ‘ I don’t know. I…….(lose) it.’
Mary…….(go) to Australia for a while but she’s back in about an hour. 1
I did German at school but I ….(forget) most of it.
They are still building the new road. They ….(not/finish) it.
Ann ……(give) me her address but I’m afraid I ….(lose) it.
‘ Is Helen still here?’ ‘No, she……(just/go) out.’
I ……(have) a headache earlier but I feel fine now.
What do you think of my English? Do you think I………(improve)?

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
употребляется:
1. Для выражения действия, закончившегося до указанного момента времени в прошлом, который может быть выражен точной датой, часом и т.д.:
e.g. We had finished our work by five o'clock.
2. Для выражения действия, предшествовавшего другому действию в прошлом:
Не had written three letters, when the door was suddenly open.

Formation
had + V3, V-d /-ed
Negative sentences and questions
?,- had
e.g. He had written a letter by 5 o’clock yesterday.
He hadn’t written a letter by 5 o’clock yesterday.
Had he written a letter by 5 o’clock yesterday?

THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Употребляется для выражения действия, которое закончится до определенного момента в будущем или до начала другого действия в будущем:
e.g. By one o'clock tomorrow I shall have done this work.

Formation
Will have + V3, V-d /-ed
Negative sentences and questions
?,- will
e.g. He will have written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow.
He will not have written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow.
Will he have written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow?