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The two types of law

The law is often divided into:
civil law
and
criminal law.

The two types of law The law is often divided into: civil law and criminal law.

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Civil law

Civil law concerns the rights and duties that people or companies

Civil law Civil law concerns the rights and duties that people or
owe to each other.

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Civil Law Key Points

There is NO prosecution or punishment in civil law.
A person

Civil Law Key Points There is NO prosecution or punishment in civil
brings an action against another and asks the court for a remedy (e.g. damages).
The process of starting a civil law action is known as ‘suing’.
The person starting the action is known as the ‘claimant’.
The person being sued is known as the ‘defendant’.

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Main Branches of Civil Law

Contract law
Law of tort
Family law
Company law.

Main Branches of Civil Law Contract law Law of tort Family law Company law.

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Criminal Law Key Points

The aim of criminal law is to prosecute and punish

Criminal Law Key Points The aim of criminal law is to prosecute
the wrong-doer.
The police conduct most criminal investigations,
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) brings most prosecutions.
The Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) heads the CPS.
The person who is being prosecuted is known as the ‘defendant’.

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The main courts

The main criminal courts are:
The magistrates’ courts
The Crown Court.
The main

The main courts The main criminal courts are: The magistrates’ courts The
civil courts are:
The county courts
The High Court.

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The burden of proof in criminal cases

A person can only be found

The burden of proof in criminal cases A person can only be
guilty if the case is proved beyond reasonable doubt.
If there is reasonable doubt then the accused must be found ‘not guilty’.
The defence does not have to prove that the defendant did not commit the crime.
The burden of proof is on the prosecution.

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Criminal law

Criminal law concerns behaviour that the state so strongly disapproves of

Criminal law Criminal law concerns behaviour that the state so strongly disapproves
that it will seek to punish the wrongdoer.
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