Writing style for the annotation

Citation Format
Writing styles
Type of annotation

Referencing is a consistent method of acknowledging another person's ideas, which you have used, in your own essay or assignment.

Why should I cite references?
To acknowledge the work of other writers
To demonstrate the body of knowledge on which you have based your work
To enable other researchers to trace your sources

Reasons to give complete, accurate references :
Your references show you have read around the subject
Your argument will be stronger if supported by evidence from others' research
You enable others to find and use the sources that informed your work
If you don't include references, you will be guilty of plagiarism i.e. passing off someone else's work as your own

Referencing Terms:
Bibliography
Citation
Citation or referencing style
Descriptive elements
Electronic
Endnotes
Footnotes
Works cited list
In-text references

What Needs to be Cited?
You need to document:
Direct quotes, both entire sentences and phrases
Paraphrases (rephrased or summarized material)
Words or terminology specific to or unique to the author's research, theories, or ideas
Use of an author's argument or line of thinking
Historical, statistical, or scientific facts
Graphs, drawings, or other such aggregations of information or data
Articles or studies you refer to within your text
You do not need to document:
Proverbs, axioms, and sayings ("A stitch in time saves nine.")
Well-known quotations ("Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.")
Common knowledge (Thomas Edison invented the phonograph; "Starry Night" was painted by Vincent Van Gogh; Oxygen has the atomic number 8)

How to organize references:
Step 1:
In text citations
Step 2:
List your references at the end of your work

The Four Steps to Referencing
Record
Organise
Cite
List

Author-date referencing styles

How to Write a Title Page in an Annotated Bibliography
1
2
3
4
5
6

APA Style
(American Psychological Association)

APA: In-text Citations
As Davis (1978) reported, "If the existence of a signing ape was unsettling for linguists, it was also startling news for animal behaviorists" (p. 26).
"If the existence of a signing ape was unsettling for linguists, it was also startling news for animal behaviorists" (Davis, 1978, p. 26).
Students having a hard time finding databases isn't a new phenomenon. At the University of Washington, they have problems too.
With the addition of so many new databases to the campus online system, many students were having difficulty locating the database they needed. At the same time, the role of Session Manager had evolved. The increased importance of the Session Manager as a selection tool made it a part of the navigation process itself. (Eliasen, 1997, pp. 510-511)

APA:For Paraphrased Ideas:
According to Davis (1978), when they learned of an ape's ability to use sign language, both linguists and animal behaviorists were taken by surprise.
When they learned of an ape's ability to use sign language, both linguists and animal behaviorists were taken by surprise (Davis, 1978).
Additional Circumstances:
Patterson and Linden (1981) agreed that the gorilla Koko acquired language more slowly than a normal speaking child.
Koko acquired language more slowly than a normal speaking child (Patterson & Linden, 1981).
The study noted a fluctuating divorce rate in Middletown between the 1920s and the 1970s (Caplow,
Bahr, Chadwick, Hill, & Williamson, 1982).
First citation: (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1996)
Later citations: (NIMH, 1996)
(Myers, 2000, para. 5)
(Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section, para. 1)
("Former FBI Agent," 2007)

APA: Print Sources
Book
Kurlansky, M. (2002). Salt: A world history. New York, NY: Walker and Co.
Edited Book
Scholnick, E. K. (Ed). (1999). Conceptual development: Piaget's legacy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Chapter from an Edited Book
Denmark, F. L. (1999). Enhancing the development of adolescent girls. In N. G. Johnson & M. C. Roberts (Eds.), Beyond appearance: A new look at adolescent girls (pp. 377-404). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.
Article from a Journal
Note: Volume number is italicized. Include issue number in parentheses immediately after volume number (no space between volume number and open parens) only if issues are not continuously paginated.
Fechner, P. Y. (2002). Gender differences in puberty. Journal of Adolescent Health, 4, 44-48.

Article from a Newspaper
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
Newspaper Article with No Author Given
Gene therapy to be tried. (2002, October 11). The News & Observer, p. 9A.
Article from a Magazine
Posner, M. I. (1993, October 29). Seeing the mind. Science, 262, 673-674.
Proceedings of Meetings and Symposia
Franklin, M. L. (1991). A motivational approach to exercise. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 73, 21-28.
Images From A Book
Delaroche, Paul (1829) Portrait of a Woman, [Pastel Drawing]. From European Drawings from the Collection of the Ackland Art Museum (p. 93) by Carol C. Gillham and Carolyn H. Wood, 2001, Chapel Hill: The Museum, University of North Carolina.

APA: Online and Nonprint Sources
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number. doi:0000000/000000000000
URL

Website
Bass, R. (1997). Technology & learning: A brief guide to interactive multimedia and the study of the United States. Retrieved from http://www.georgetown.edu/crossroads/mltmedia.html
E-Book
Wilson, T. L., Rohlfs, K. & Hüttemeister, S. (2009). Tools of radio astronomy [SpringerLink version]. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-85122-6
Message posted to a newsgroup, online forum, or discussion group
Adams, P. (2009, November 12). Re: A turning point for eminent domain? [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/12/a-turning-point-for-eminent-domain/?scp=2&sq=room%20for%20debate&st=cse.

Blog post
Miko. (2009, November 16). Re: The way we were [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://www.metafilter.com/86709/The-Way-we-Were
YouTube / Video blog post
EduFactory2009. (2007, March 31). Stanley Aronowitz interview part I [video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koqfxZPHjCU&feature=related
Images From A Website/Image Database
Scott, William Bell (Artist). (1861) Incoming Tide on the Northumberland Coast [Painting]. Chapel Hill, NC; Ackland Art Museum. Retrieved November 30, 2010, from http://www.ackland.org