Blood pressure, method of registration and it's types

Definition:
The Lateral pressure exerted by the column of blood on the wall of arteries. The pressure is exerted when blood flows through arteries.
It is expressed in different terms
Systolic Blood pressure
Diastolic Pressure
Pulse Pressure
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure

Method of Blood Pressure Registration
Blood Pressure was first measured in Horse in 1733 by Stephen Hales with a long tube of 9 feet length.
Blood Pressure is measured by TWO Methods
Direct Method
Indirect Method

Direct Method
Is employed only in animals, given anesthesia then the neck opened and a tracheal cannula is inserted into the trachea, then tracheal cannula is connected to a respiratory pump.
Corotid artery is cannulated and connected to a mercury manometer by using Kymograph.

Indirect Method
Is used to measure arterial pressure in man as well as in animals
APPARATUS
Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.
PRINCIPAL
When an external pressure is applied over the artery the blood flow through it is obstructed and required to cause occlusion of blood flow indicate the pressure inside the vessel

METHODS
Brachial Artery is usually chosen because of convenience .
Measured by 3 Methods
Palpatory Method
Auscultatory Method
Oscillatory Method
Automatic Blood Pressure Instrument
Has used a Microprocessor driven air pump,

HYPERTENSION
Defined as the persistent increase in systemic arterial Blood Pressure
Systolic elevated above 150mmHg , diastolic pressure remains elevated above 90mmHg
If there is Increase only in Systolic pressure ,
it is called Systolic Hypertension

TYPES OF HYPERTENSION:

HYPOTENSION
Is the low Blood Pressure
When the systolic presure less than 90mmHg
TYPES
Primary Hypotension
Secondary Hypotension
Orthostatic Hypotension

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