External Anatomy of the Eye

Lacrimal Apparatus of the Eye

Anatomy of the Eyeball
Fibrous Tunic:
Cornea
Sclera
Vascular Tunic
Choroid coat
Ciliary Body (Ciliary muscle, Ciliary process)
Iris
Nervous Tunic
Retina

Accessory structures of the Eye
from a sagittal view

Internal Anatomy of the Eye

Detail view of the anterior anatomy
of the eye

Production of Aqueous Humor and Intraocular pressure
Ciliary Process:
Produces Aqueous Humor
2. Posterior Chamber:
Aqueous Humor flows from
this chamber through the
pupil in Anterior Chamber
Canal of Schlemm
Reabsorbs Aqueous Humor
Glaucoma:
Increase in intraocular
pressure due to build up of
Aqueous Humor

Opthalmoscopic view of the retina showing the location of the Macula to the Optic Disc

Histology of the retina of the eye

Photomicroscopic view of the Histology of the Eye
S = Sclera
C = Choroid coat
PE = Pigmented
epithelium
P = Outer segments
of rods and cones
O = Nuclei of rods and
cones
OPL = Outer synaptic layer
I = Nuclei of bipolar neurons
PL = Inner synaptic layer
G = Ganglion cell layer

Photomicroscopic view of the Histology of the Eye
showing the location of the central fovea

Intrinsic Eye Muscles and
their response to light

The Visual Pathway

Light Refractory
Pathway:
Bulbar Conjunctiva
Cornea
Aqueous Humor
Lens
Vitreous Humor
Ganglion Cell Layer
Inner Synaptic Layer
Bipolar Layer
Outer Synaptic Layer Photoreceptor Layer

Abnormalities of
The Eye:
Myopic -
nearsighted
Hypermetropic -
Farsighted
Presbyopia -
age-related failure of
lens to accommodate
Astigmatism -
Distorted vision due to
irregular-shaped lens or
cornea
Color Blindness -
genetic defect that
causes dysfunction of
cones

Accommodation of the Lens
for near vision
Ciliary muscles contract
Ciliary body pulls forward and inward
Tension on suspensory ligaments of lens is decreased
Lens becomes thicker (rounder) due to its elasticity
Pupils constricts

Accommodation of the Lens
for far vision
Ciliary muscles relaxes
Ciliary body returns to its resting state, backward and outward
Tension on suspensory ligaments of lens is increased
Lens becomes thinner (flatter) due to its elasticity
Pupils dilate

Anatomy of Rods and
Cones

Physiology of Rods and Photopigments